The chapter discusses the global road safety situation and the progress made towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target 3.6, which aims to halve the global number of deaths and injuries from road traffic crashes by 2020. Key points include: 1. **Inclusion of Road Traffic Fatality Target**: The inclusion of this target reflects the growing recognition of the significant impact of road traffic injuries on global health and economies. 2. **Current State of Global Road Safety**: Since 2007, the number of road traffic deaths has plateaued at 1.25 million, indicating some success in implementing interventions. However, low-income countries have higher fatality rates compared to high-income countries. 3. **Regional Disparities**: The African Region has the highest road traffic fatality rates, while the European Region has the lowest. 4. **High Vulnerability Groups**: Almost half of all road traffic deaths involve pedestrians, cyclists, and motorcyclists. 5. **Legislation and Enforcement**: Many countries need to strengthen road safety laws and enforcement, particularly regarding speed limits, drink-driving, motorcycle helmet use, seat-belt use, and child restraints. 6. **Vehicle and Road Safety Standards**: Most countries fail to apply minimum UN safety standards to new cars, and there is a need for more harmonized regulations. 7. **Sustainable Transport**: Promoting walking and cycling can improve road safety and public health, but these efforts must be accompanied by effective speed management and infrastructure improvements. 8. **Safe System Approach**: Implementing a Safe System approach in road infrastructure projects can significantly reduce deaths and injuries. 9. **Conclusions and Recommendations**: The report emphasizes the need for political will and action on specific issues, such as improving laws, enforcement, and addressing the needs of vulnerable road users. It also highlights the importance of harmonizing data and developing national road safety strategies. The chapter concludes that while progress has been made, more urgent and comprehensive action is needed to meet the SDG target and reduce the global toll of road traffic deaths and injuries.The chapter discusses the global road safety situation and the progress made towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target 3.6, which aims to halve the global number of deaths and injuries from road traffic crashes by 2020. Key points include: 1. **Inclusion of Road Traffic Fatality Target**: The inclusion of this target reflects the growing recognition of the significant impact of road traffic injuries on global health and economies. 2. **Current State of Global Road Safety**: Since 2007, the number of road traffic deaths has plateaued at 1.25 million, indicating some success in implementing interventions. However, low-income countries have higher fatality rates compared to high-income countries. 3. **Regional Disparities**: The African Region has the highest road traffic fatality rates, while the European Region has the lowest. 4. **High Vulnerability Groups**: Almost half of all road traffic deaths involve pedestrians, cyclists, and motorcyclists. 5. **Legislation and Enforcement**: Many countries need to strengthen road safety laws and enforcement, particularly regarding speed limits, drink-driving, motorcycle helmet use, seat-belt use, and child restraints. 6. **Vehicle and Road Safety Standards**: Most countries fail to apply minimum UN safety standards to new cars, and there is a need for more harmonized regulations. 7. **Sustainable Transport**: Promoting walking and cycling can improve road safety and public health, but these efforts must be accompanied by effective speed management and infrastructure improvements. 8. **Safe System Approach**: Implementing a Safe System approach in road infrastructure projects can significantly reduce deaths and injuries. 9. **Conclusions and Recommendations**: The report emphasizes the need for political will and action on specific issues, such as improving laws, enforcement, and addressing the needs of vulnerable road users. It also highlights the importance of harmonizing data and developing national road safety strategies. The chapter concludes that while progress has been made, more urgent and comprehensive action is needed to meet the SDG target and reduce the global toll of road traffic deaths and injuries.