The article by James Hansen and colleagues discusses global temperature changes over the past three decades, highlighting that global surface temperature has increased by approximately 0.2°C per decade. This warming rate aligns with predictions from initial global climate model simulations in the 1980s. The warming is more pronounced in the Western Equatorial Pacific compared to the Eastern Equatorial Pacific, which may have increased the likelihood of strong El Niño events. The authors compare modern sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the Western Pacific with paleoclimate data, suggesting that the region is as warm as it was during the Holocene maximum and within about 1°C of the maximum temperature of the past million years. They conclude that global warming exceeding 1°C relative to 2000 would constitute "dangerous" climate change, potentially leading to significant impacts on sea level and species extinctions. The article also examines the effects of global warming on El Niño events and the potential for dangerous anthropogenic interference (DAI) in terms of sea level rise and species extinction.The article by James Hansen and colleagues discusses global temperature changes over the past three decades, highlighting that global surface temperature has increased by approximately 0.2°C per decade. This warming rate aligns with predictions from initial global climate model simulations in the 1980s. The warming is more pronounced in the Western Equatorial Pacific compared to the Eastern Equatorial Pacific, which may have increased the likelihood of strong El Niño events. The authors compare modern sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the Western Pacific with paleoclimate data, suggesting that the region is as warm as it was during the Holocene maximum and within about 1°C of the maximum temperature of the past million years. They conclude that global warming exceeding 1°C relative to 2000 would constitute "dangerous" climate change, potentially leading to significant impacts on sea level and species extinctions. The article also examines the effects of global warming on El Niño events and the potential for dangerous anthropogenic interference (DAI) in terms of sea level rise and species extinction.