The study investigates the global turnover of soil mineral-associated (MAOC) and particulate organic carbon (POC) to understand their vulnerability to climate change. Using 8,341 soil observations, the researchers generate global maps of MAOC and POC and infer their turnover times through a data-model integration approach. The global MAOC and POC storages are estimated at 975,967 Pg C and 330,337 Pg C, respectively, with mean turnover times of 12,945 years and 2,252 years in the top meter. Climate warming accelerates the decomposition of MAOC and POC more in subsoil than in topsoil. The study highlights the importance of temperature in controlling the turnover of MAOC and POC, with semi-arid, dry sub-humid, and humid regions showing similar relationships, while arid regions differ. The findings provide a benchmark for Earth system models to better diagnose SOC-climate change feedback and emphasize the need to prevent SOC loss from deep soils.The study investigates the global turnover of soil mineral-associated (MAOC) and particulate organic carbon (POC) to understand their vulnerability to climate change. Using 8,341 soil observations, the researchers generate global maps of MAOC and POC and infer their turnover times through a data-model integration approach. The global MAOC and POC storages are estimated at 975,967 Pg C and 330,337 Pg C, respectively, with mean turnover times of 12,945 years and 2,252 years in the top meter. Climate warming accelerates the decomposition of MAOC and POC more in subsoil than in topsoil. The study highlights the importance of temperature in controlling the turnover of MAOC and POC, with semi-arid, dry sub-humid, and humid regions showing similar relationships, while arid regions differ. The findings provide a benchmark for Earth system models to better diagnose SOC-climate change feedback and emphasize the need to prevent SOC loss from deep soils.