This study presents the global maps of soil mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) and particulate organic carbon (POC) based on 8341 soil observations. The results show that global MAOC and POC storage are 975–987 Pg C and 330–337 Pg C, respectively, with mean turnover times of 129–383 years and 23–82 years in the top meter of soil. Climate warming accelerates the decomposition of MAOC and POC more in subsoil than in topsoil. The study highlights the importance of temperature in controlling the storage and turnover of MAOC and POC. The global distribution of MAOC and POC is influenced by climate, topography, vegetation, and soil properties. The study also shows that the turnover times of MAOC and POC increase with soil depth. The findings provide a benchmark for Earth system models to diagnose the feedback between soil organic carbon (SOC) and climate change. The study suggests that the loss of MAOC and POC in deep soils may have positive feedback to climate change, emphasizing the need to prevent SOC loss from deep soils. The study uses a data-model integration approach to infer the turnover times of MAOC and POC, and employs a two-pool model to analyze the turnover times along the soil profile. The study also addresses the limitations and uncertainties of the current research, including the small data points in certain regions and the assumption of steady-state conditions. The study provides a comprehensive understanding of the global distribution and turnover of MAOC and POC, which is essential for improving Earth system models and predicting the impacts of climate change on SOC.This study presents the global maps of soil mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) and particulate organic carbon (POC) based on 8341 soil observations. The results show that global MAOC and POC storage are 975–987 Pg C and 330–337 Pg C, respectively, with mean turnover times of 129–383 years and 23–82 years in the top meter of soil. Climate warming accelerates the decomposition of MAOC and POC more in subsoil than in topsoil. The study highlights the importance of temperature in controlling the storage and turnover of MAOC and POC. The global distribution of MAOC and POC is influenced by climate, topography, vegetation, and soil properties. The study also shows that the turnover times of MAOC and POC increase with soil depth. The findings provide a benchmark for Earth system models to diagnose the feedback between soil organic carbon (SOC) and climate change. The study suggests that the loss of MAOC and POC in deep soils may have positive feedback to climate change, emphasizing the need to prevent SOC loss from deep soils. The study uses a data-model integration approach to infer the turnover times of MAOC and POC, and employs a two-pool model to analyze the turnover times along the soil profile. The study also addresses the limitations and uncertainties of the current research, including the small data points in certain regions and the assumption of steady-state conditions. The study provides a comprehensive understanding of the global distribution and turnover of MAOC and POC, which is essential for improving Earth system models and predicting the impacts of climate change on SOC.