The article reviews the structure, regulation, and function of glutamate receptor ion channels, focusing on their role in synaptic transmission and neurological diseases. It discusses the structure of glutamate receptors, including their subunit organization, quaternary structure, and the extracellular and transmembrane domains. The review also covers the regulation of glutamate receptors through transcription, translation, and post-translational modifications, as well as their pharmacology and allosteric modulation. The article highlights the importance of glutamate receptors in synaptic function and plasticity, and their potential therapeutic applications in neurological disorders. The review emphasizes the complex assembly of glutamate receptors, their interactions with other proteins, and the mechanisms underlying their function. It also discusses the role of various ions and modulators in regulating glutamate receptor activity, and the implications of these findings for the development of new therapeutic agents targeting glutamate receptors. The review concludes with a discussion of the current understanding of glutamate receptor function and the potential for future research in this area.The article reviews the structure, regulation, and function of glutamate receptor ion channels, focusing on their role in synaptic transmission and neurological diseases. It discusses the structure of glutamate receptors, including their subunit organization, quaternary structure, and the extracellular and transmembrane domains. The review also covers the regulation of glutamate receptors through transcription, translation, and post-translational modifications, as well as their pharmacology and allosteric modulation. The article highlights the importance of glutamate receptors in synaptic function and plasticity, and their potential therapeutic applications in neurological disorders. The review emphasizes the complex assembly of glutamate receptors, their interactions with other proteins, and the mechanisms underlying their function. It also discusses the role of various ions and modulators in regulating glutamate receptor activity, and the implications of these findings for the development of new therapeutic agents targeting glutamate receptors. The review concludes with a discussion of the current understanding of glutamate receptor function and the potential for future research in this area.