This review explores the diverse applications of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in neurological diseases, focusing on Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and stroke. It highlights the role of neuroinflammation in these disorders and introduces AuNPs' unique properties. The review examines the mechanisms by which AuNPs exert neuroprotective and anti-neuro-inflammatory effects, discussing their potential in AD, PD, and stroke treatments. Experimental findings from cellular and animal models are consolidated to provide a comprehensive overview of AuNPs' effectiveness, offering insights into their impact at both the cellular and in vivo levels. The review emphasizes the significance of AuNPs in mitigating cerebrovascular accidents' aftermath and their potential as a promising avenue for future neurological treatments. It also discusses the safety profile of AuNPs, considering factors such as size, surface modifications, immunological responses, and potential neurotoxicity. The review compares AuNPs with other nanomaterials used in neurology, highlighting their advantages and limitations. It also explores the effects of AuNPs' size, charge, and surface modifications on neuroprotection. The mechanisms of neuroprotection and anti-neuro-inflammatory effects of AuNPs are discussed, including their antioxidant properties, anti-inflammatory effects, modulation of apoptotic pathways, and interactions with mitochondrial function. The review also discusses the application of AuNPs in AD, PD, and stroke, highlighting their potential in neuroprotection, drug delivery, and targeted therapy. The review concludes that AuNPs hold promise for future neurological treatments due to their unique properties and potential therapeutic applications.This review explores the diverse applications of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in neurological diseases, focusing on Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and stroke. It highlights the role of neuroinflammation in these disorders and introduces AuNPs' unique properties. The review examines the mechanisms by which AuNPs exert neuroprotective and anti-neuro-inflammatory effects, discussing their potential in AD, PD, and stroke treatments. Experimental findings from cellular and animal models are consolidated to provide a comprehensive overview of AuNPs' effectiveness, offering insights into their impact at both the cellular and in vivo levels. The review emphasizes the significance of AuNPs in mitigating cerebrovascular accidents' aftermath and their potential as a promising avenue for future neurological treatments. It also discusses the safety profile of AuNPs, considering factors such as size, surface modifications, immunological responses, and potential neurotoxicity. The review compares AuNPs with other nanomaterials used in neurology, highlighting their advantages and limitations. It also explores the effects of AuNPs' size, charge, and surface modifications on neuroprotection. The mechanisms of neuroprotection and anti-neuro-inflammatory effects of AuNPs are discussed, including their antioxidant properties, anti-inflammatory effects, modulation of apoptotic pathways, and interactions with mitochondrial function. The review also discusses the application of AuNPs in AD, PD, and stroke, highlighting their potential in neuroprotection, drug delivery, and targeted therapy. The review concludes that AuNPs hold promise for future neurological treatments due to their unique properties and potential therapeutic applications.