Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are widely used in bionanotechnology due to their unique properties and surface functionalities. This mini-review covers the fabrication strategies for AuNPs and highlights recent applications in bionanotechnology. AuNPs can be synthesized through various solution-based methods, including the Turkevich method, Frens method, and Brust-Schiffrin method. These methods control the size, shape, and surface functionality of AuNPs. The properties of AuNPs, such as size- and shape-related optoelectronic properties, large surface-to-volume ratio, and excellent biocompatibility, make them versatile materials for biomedical applications. AuNPs are used in diagnostics, therapeutics, and imaging. In diagnostics, the binding of analytes to AuNPs alters their physicochemical properties, leading to detectable signals. In therapeutics, AuNPs can deliver drugs and genes to cells through passive or active targeting mechanisms. In imaging, AuNPs are used as contrast agents in techniques like CT, Raman spectroscopy, and optical coherence tomography. The versatility and effectiveness of AuNPs in bionanotechnology make them valuable tools for next-generation biomedical applications.Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are widely used in bionanotechnology due to their unique properties and surface functionalities. This mini-review covers the fabrication strategies for AuNPs and highlights recent applications in bionanotechnology. AuNPs can be synthesized through various solution-based methods, including the Turkevich method, Frens method, and Brust-Schiffrin method. These methods control the size, shape, and surface functionality of AuNPs. The properties of AuNPs, such as size- and shape-related optoelectronic properties, large surface-to-volume ratio, and excellent biocompatibility, make them versatile materials for biomedical applications. AuNPs are used in diagnostics, therapeutics, and imaging. In diagnostics, the binding of analytes to AuNPs alters their physicochemical properties, leading to detectable signals. In therapeutics, AuNPs can deliver drugs and genes to cells through passive or active targeting mechanisms. In imaging, AuNPs are used as contrast agents in techniques like CT, Raman spectroscopy, and optical coherence tomography. The versatility and effectiveness of AuNPs in bionanotechnology make them valuable tools for next-generation biomedical applications.