Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been extensively studied for their unique properties and applications in various fields, including chemistry, biology, engineering, and medicine. This review highlights recent advancements in the synthesis, bioconjugation, and cellular uses of gold nanoconjugates. Gold nanoconjugates have been developed for highly sensitive and selective assays, as well as for therapeutic applications such as gene regulation, drug delivery, imaging, and photothermal therapy. The review discusses the synthesis methods, surface functionalization, and properties of gold nanoconjugates, focusing on citrate, amine, nucleic acid, peptide, antibody, and lipid ligands. It also explores the mechanisms of cellular uptake, targeting strategies, and toxicity considerations. The authors emphasize the importance of individual evaluation of gold nanoconjugates due to their unique properties and the need for further research to optimize their performance in biological systems.Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been extensively studied for their unique properties and applications in various fields, including chemistry, biology, engineering, and medicine. This review highlights recent advancements in the synthesis, bioconjugation, and cellular uses of gold nanoconjugates. Gold nanoconjugates have been developed for highly sensitive and selective assays, as well as for therapeutic applications such as gene regulation, drug delivery, imaging, and photothermal therapy. The review discusses the synthesis methods, surface functionalization, and properties of gold nanoconjugates, focusing on citrate, amine, nucleic acid, peptide, antibody, and lipid ligands. It also explores the mechanisms of cellular uptake, targeting strategies, and toxicity considerations. The authors emphasize the importance of individual evaluation of gold nanoconjugates due to their unique properties and the need for further research to optimize their performance in biological systems.