This review by Huang et al. (2012) provides a comprehensive overview of graphene-based composites, highlighting their synthesis methods, properties, and applications. Graphene, a single-layer carbon sheet with exceptional properties such as high carrier mobility, large specific surface area, and excellent thermal and mechanical conductivity, has garnered significant research interest. The review discusses the scalable production of graphene derivatives like graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), which are crucial for fabricating graphene-based composites. The synthesis methods for graphene and its derivatives are categorized into bottom-up and top-down approaches. Bottom-up methods include chemical vapor deposition (CVD), plasma-enhanced CVD (PECVD), and graphitization of carbon-containing substrates. Top-down approaches involve exfoliation of graphite through intercalation, chemical functionalization, and sonication, followed by reduction of GO to rGO using various reduction agents. The review focuses on the synthesis of graphene-based composites with functional polymers and inorganic nanostructures. Ex-situ hybridization involves mixing graphene-based nanosheets with pre-synthesized or commercially available nanocrystals, while in-situ crystallization allows for uniform surface coverage of nanocrystals. Various methods for in-situ crystallization, including chemical reduction, electroless deposition, sol-gel, hydrothermal, electrochemical deposition, and thermal evaporation, are discussed. Graphene-polymer composites are classified into three types: graphene-filled polymer composites, layered graphene-polymer films, and polymer-functionalized graphene nanosheets. These composites exhibit enhanced electrical conductivity, mechanical strength, and thermal stability due to the large specific surface area and π-conjugated 2D conducting surfaces of graphene sheets. Other graphene-based composites include composites with organic crystals, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), biomaterials, and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). These composites have applications in various fields, such as organic solar cells, gas purification and storage, and fluorescent sensing platforms. The review concludes by discussing the applications of graphene-based composites in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), supercapacitors, fuel cells, photovoltaic devices, photocatalysis, and Raman enhancement. The unique properties of graphene and its derivatives make them promising materials for improving the performance of these devices.This review by Huang et al. (2012) provides a comprehensive overview of graphene-based composites, highlighting their synthesis methods, properties, and applications. Graphene, a single-layer carbon sheet with exceptional properties such as high carrier mobility, large specific surface area, and excellent thermal and mechanical conductivity, has garnered significant research interest. The review discusses the scalable production of graphene derivatives like graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), which are crucial for fabricating graphene-based composites. The synthesis methods for graphene and its derivatives are categorized into bottom-up and top-down approaches. Bottom-up methods include chemical vapor deposition (CVD), plasma-enhanced CVD (PECVD), and graphitization of carbon-containing substrates. Top-down approaches involve exfoliation of graphite through intercalation, chemical functionalization, and sonication, followed by reduction of GO to rGO using various reduction agents. The review focuses on the synthesis of graphene-based composites with functional polymers and inorganic nanostructures. Ex-situ hybridization involves mixing graphene-based nanosheets with pre-synthesized or commercially available nanocrystals, while in-situ crystallization allows for uniform surface coverage of nanocrystals. Various methods for in-situ crystallization, including chemical reduction, electroless deposition, sol-gel, hydrothermal, electrochemical deposition, and thermal evaporation, are discussed. Graphene-polymer composites are classified into three types: graphene-filled polymer composites, layered graphene-polymer films, and polymer-functionalized graphene nanosheets. These composites exhibit enhanced electrical conductivity, mechanical strength, and thermal stability due to the large specific surface area and π-conjugated 2D conducting surfaces of graphene sheets. Other graphene-based composites include composites with organic crystals, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), biomaterials, and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). These composites have applications in various fields, such as organic solar cells, gas purification and storage, and fluorescent sensing platforms. The review concludes by discussing the applications of graphene-based composites in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), supercapacitors, fuel cells, photovoltaic devices, photocatalysis, and Raman enhancement. The unique properties of graphene and its derivatives make them promising materials for improving the performance of these devices.