Graphene plasmons are emerging as a promising tool for fast electrical manipulation of light, offering advantages such as low loss, high spatial confinement, and large nonlinear response. These properties make them suitable for applications in electro-optical modulation, optical sensing, quantum plasmonics, light harvesting, and tunable lighting at the nanoscale. Graphene plasmons have been observed in the mid-infrared and longer wavelengths, but efforts are ongoing to extend them into the visible and near-infrared regions. Strategies include reducing the size of graphene structures and increasing doping levels. Plasmons in narrow ribbons and molecular-sized graphene structures are of particular interest. Highly doped single-wall carbon nanotubes exhibit similar characteristics to narrow ribbons and show minimal dependence on chirality. Perfect light absorption by a single-atom carbon layer has been demonstrated using arrays of ribbons. Optically pumped transient plasmons in graphene can sustain collective oscillations similar to those in highly doped graphene. The unique plasmonic behavior of graphene, combined with its excellent electronic properties, has led to extensive research on its potential applications in optical signal processing, light modulation, sensing, and quantum optics. However, challenges remain in achieving efficient plasmon tuning and minimizing losses. Theoretical and experimental studies have provided insights into the optical response, plasmon dispersion, and electrostatic doping of graphene. Scaling laws have been derived to predict plasmon energies and absorption cross-sections for various geometries. These findings highlight the potential of graphene plasmons for fundamental studies and technological applications in the visible and near-infrared spectral regions.Graphene plasmons are emerging as a promising tool for fast electrical manipulation of light, offering advantages such as low loss, high spatial confinement, and large nonlinear response. These properties make them suitable for applications in electro-optical modulation, optical sensing, quantum plasmonics, light harvesting, and tunable lighting at the nanoscale. Graphene plasmons have been observed in the mid-infrared and longer wavelengths, but efforts are ongoing to extend them into the visible and near-infrared regions. Strategies include reducing the size of graphene structures and increasing doping levels. Plasmons in narrow ribbons and molecular-sized graphene structures are of particular interest. Highly doped single-wall carbon nanotubes exhibit similar characteristics to narrow ribbons and show minimal dependence on chirality. Perfect light absorption by a single-atom carbon layer has been demonstrated using arrays of ribbons. Optically pumped transient plasmons in graphene can sustain collective oscillations similar to those in highly doped graphene. The unique plasmonic behavior of graphene, combined with its excellent electronic properties, has led to extensive research on its potential applications in optical signal processing, light modulation, sensing, and quantum optics. However, challenges remain in achieving efficient plasmon tuning and minimizing losses. Theoretical and experimental studies have provided insights into the optical response, plasmon dispersion, and electrostatic doping of graphene. Scaling laws have been derived to predict plasmon energies and absorption cross-sections for various geometries. These findings highlight the potential of graphene plasmons for fundamental studies and technological applications in the visible and near-infrared spectral regions.