The article discusses the discovery of graphene's unique electrochemical properties when immersed in ionic solutions, making it a trans-electrode. The trans-electrode's properties arise from the atomic-scale proximity of its liquid-solid interfaces and graphene's in-plane conductivity. The authors demonstrate that a CVD-grown graphene membrane, only one to two atomic layers thick, exhibits very low ionic conductivity, with the conductivity depending on the ion species. Drilling a single nanopore in the graphene membrane significantly increases its conductivity, allowing for the determination of the membrane's effective insulating thickness, which is found to be less than one nanometer. This makes graphene an ideal substrate for high-resolution, high-throughput nanopore-based single-molecule detectors. The study also explores the impact of external fields and solution ions on graphene's in-plane charge carriers, providing insights into surface properties. The extremely small insulating thickness suggests that graphene nanopores can discern molecular structures with sub-nanometer resolution, making them promising for various applications in sensors and surface electrochemistry.The article discusses the discovery of graphene's unique electrochemical properties when immersed in ionic solutions, making it a trans-electrode. The trans-electrode's properties arise from the atomic-scale proximity of its liquid-solid interfaces and graphene's in-plane conductivity. The authors demonstrate that a CVD-grown graphene membrane, only one to two atomic layers thick, exhibits very low ionic conductivity, with the conductivity depending on the ion species. Drilling a single nanopore in the graphene membrane significantly increases its conductivity, allowing for the determination of the membrane's effective insulating thickness, which is found to be less than one nanometer. This makes graphene an ideal substrate for high-resolution, high-throughput nanopore-based single-molecule detectors. The study also explores the impact of external fields and solution ions on graphene's in-plane charge carriers, providing insights into surface properties. The extremely small insulating thickness suggests that graphene nanopores can discern molecular structures with sub-nanometer resolution, making them promising for various applications in sensors and surface electrochemistry.