This review article explores the green synthesis, characterization, and application of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using bioflocculants. It highlights the limitations of traditional nanoparticle synthesis methods, such as high energy consumption and the use of hazardous chemicals, and emphasizes the need for environmentally friendly and cost-effective alternatives. The focus is on biological synthesis, which utilizes plant or microbial extracts as reducing and capping agents. The article discusses the advantages of bioflocculants, including their harmlessness, biodegradability, and minimal secondary pollution. It also covers the characterization techniques for AgNPs, such as UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Additionally, the review examines the antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of AgNPs and their potential applications in water purification and dye removal. The article concludes by discussing recent advancements in AgNP synthesis using microbial bioflocculants from 2015 to 2023, emphasizing the importance of these methods in addressing the challenges of water treatment and environmental sustainability.This review article explores the green synthesis, characterization, and application of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using bioflocculants. It highlights the limitations of traditional nanoparticle synthesis methods, such as high energy consumption and the use of hazardous chemicals, and emphasizes the need for environmentally friendly and cost-effective alternatives. The focus is on biological synthesis, which utilizes plant or microbial extracts as reducing and capping agents. The article discusses the advantages of bioflocculants, including their harmlessness, biodegradability, and minimal secondary pollution. It also covers the characterization techniques for AgNPs, such as UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Additionally, the review examines the antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of AgNPs and their potential applications in water purification and dye removal. The article concludes by discussing recent advancements in AgNP synthesis using microbial bioflocculants from 2015 to 2023, emphasizing the importance of these methods in addressing the challenges of water treatment and environmental sustainability.