The paper by Johanna Rainio and Jari Niemelä examines the suitability of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) as bioindicators. Bioindicators are species or taxonomic units that reliably indicate environmental disturbances and reflect the responses of other species or overall biodiversity. While there is no perfect bioindicator, carabids are commonly used to indicate habitat alteration, particularly in grasslands and boreal forests. Studies show that large, poorly dispersing specialist species decrease with increased disturbance, while small, well-dispersing generalist species increase. However, there is insufficient research to determine how well carabids represent the response of other species in biodiversity studies. The authors conclude that carabids are useful bioindicators but should be used with caution due to incomplete understanding of their relationship with other species. The study also reviews the classification of bioindicators and their applications in monitoring environmental changes and biodiversity.The paper by Johanna Rainio and Jari Niemelä examines the suitability of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) as bioindicators. Bioindicators are species or taxonomic units that reliably indicate environmental disturbances and reflect the responses of other species or overall biodiversity. While there is no perfect bioindicator, carabids are commonly used to indicate habitat alteration, particularly in grasslands and boreal forests. Studies show that large, poorly dispersing specialist species decrease with increased disturbance, while small, well-dispersing generalist species increase. However, there is insufficient research to determine how well carabids represent the response of other species in biodiversity studies. The authors conclude that carabids are useful bioindicators but should be used with caution due to incomplete understanding of their relationship with other species. The study also reviews the classification of bioindicators and their applications in monitoring environmental changes and biodiversity.