2019 | Ylona Chun Tie, Melanie Birks and Karen Francis
This article presents a framework for novice researchers to understand and apply grounded theory (GT) in their studies. Grounded theory is a research methodology that aims to develop theories from data, using systematic analysis and comparative methods. The framework provided in the article is a visual guide that outlines the processes and methods involved in GT research, helping novice researchers navigate the iterative and recursive nature of the methodology.
The article discusses the history of GT, developed by Glaser and Strauss, and outlines three main genres of GT: traditional, evolved, and constructivist. Each genre has its own approach to data collection, analysis, and theory development. The framework illustrates the interplay between essential GT methods and processes, such as purposive sampling, constant comparative analysis, and memoing, which are crucial for generating a theory grounded in data.
The research process in GT involves concurrent data generation and analysis, with the researcher starting with an area of study and allowing the theory to emerge from the data. The process is iterative, with data collection and analysis continually refining the theory. Theoretical sampling is used to identify and follow clues in the data, ensuring the theory is grounded in the data. Memoing is an essential part of the process, allowing researchers to reflect on their interpretations and the data.
The article also emphasizes the importance of theoretical sensitivity, which is the ability to recognize and extract elements from the data that are relevant to the emerging theory. Rigor and quality in GT research are ensured through methodological congruence, procedural precision, and the use of analytic tools. The framework provided helps novice researchers visualize the iterative processes involved in GT, guiding them in the design and execution of their studies. The article concludes that GT research, when conducted ethically and with attention to process, can contribute to policy, knowledge development, and service provision.This article presents a framework for novice researchers to understand and apply grounded theory (GT) in their studies. Grounded theory is a research methodology that aims to develop theories from data, using systematic analysis and comparative methods. The framework provided in the article is a visual guide that outlines the processes and methods involved in GT research, helping novice researchers navigate the iterative and recursive nature of the methodology.
The article discusses the history of GT, developed by Glaser and Strauss, and outlines three main genres of GT: traditional, evolved, and constructivist. Each genre has its own approach to data collection, analysis, and theory development. The framework illustrates the interplay between essential GT methods and processes, such as purposive sampling, constant comparative analysis, and memoing, which are crucial for generating a theory grounded in data.
The research process in GT involves concurrent data generation and analysis, with the researcher starting with an area of study and allowing the theory to emerge from the data. The process is iterative, with data collection and analysis continually refining the theory. Theoretical sampling is used to identify and follow clues in the data, ensuring the theory is grounded in the data. Memoing is an essential part of the process, allowing researchers to reflect on their interpretations and the data.
The article also emphasizes the importance of theoretical sensitivity, which is the ability to recognize and extract elements from the data that are relevant to the emerging theory. Rigor and quality in GT research are ensured through methodological congruence, procedural precision, and the use of analytic tools. The framework provided helps novice researchers visualize the iterative processes involved in GT, guiding them in the design and execution of their studies. The article concludes that GT research, when conducted ethically and with attention to process, can contribute to policy, knowledge development, and service provision.