Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness, reversible airflow limitation, and airway remodeling. It is mediated by various inflammatory cells, including eosinophils, mast cells, and T lymphocytes. The gut-lung axis, a bidirectional communication pathway between the gut and lung, plays a crucial role in asthma pathogenesis. Gut microbiota, inherited through breastfeeding, regulates the gut-lung axis and influences host immune homeostasis. Imbalances in gut microbiota can lead to asthma through bacterial structural components and metabolites, while asthma can also cause intestinal damage via systemic inflammation. Manipulating gut microbiota through probiotics, helminth therapy, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has emerged as a promising strategy for asthma treatment. Probiotics, such as bifidobacterium and lactobacillus, can regulate Th1/Th2 balance and reduce asthma symptoms. Helminth therapy modulates the immune system to reduce hypersensitivity to allergens. FMT has shown potential in restoring gut microbiota balance and improving asthma outcomes. The gut-lung axis is bidirectionally involved in asthma, with gut microbiota influencing lung immunity and vice versa. Understanding the mechanisms of gut microbiota dysbiosis in asthma could lead to new therapeutic strategies. Further research is needed to explore the role of gut microbiota in asthma and to develop effective interventions.Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness, reversible airflow limitation, and airway remodeling. It is mediated by various inflammatory cells, including eosinophils, mast cells, and T lymphocytes. The gut-lung axis, a bidirectional communication pathway between the gut and lung, plays a crucial role in asthma pathogenesis. Gut microbiota, inherited through breastfeeding, regulates the gut-lung axis and influences host immune homeostasis. Imbalances in gut microbiota can lead to asthma through bacterial structural components and metabolites, while asthma can also cause intestinal damage via systemic inflammation. Manipulating gut microbiota through probiotics, helminth therapy, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has emerged as a promising strategy for asthma treatment. Probiotics, such as bifidobacterium and lactobacillus, can regulate Th1/Th2 balance and reduce asthma symptoms. Helminth therapy modulates the immune system to reduce hypersensitivity to allergens. FMT has shown potential in restoring gut microbiota balance and improving asthma outcomes. The gut-lung axis is bidirectionally involved in asthma, with gut microbiota influencing lung immunity and vice versa. Understanding the mechanisms of gut microbiota dysbiosis in asthma could lead to new therapeutic strategies. Further research is needed to explore the role of gut microbiota in asthma and to develop effective interventions.