This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluate the association between gut microbiota dysbiosis and chronic pain. The study included 21 articles from four databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess the risk of bias. Alpha-diversity metrics (observed species, Shannon index, and faith phylogenetic diversity) showed significantly lower values in chronic pain patients compared to controls, indicating reduced microbial diversity. Beta-diversity results were inconsistent. The relative abundance of certain microbes, such as *Faecalibacterium prausnitzii* and *Odoribacter splanchnicus*, was decreased in chronic pain patients, while *Eggerthella* spp. increased. These findings suggest that gut microbiota dysbiosis may contribute to chronic pain conditions, with non-specific alterations in microbial composition. The study highlights the potential value of addressing gut-brain axis interactions in managing chronic pain.This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluate the association between gut microbiota dysbiosis and chronic pain. The study included 21 articles from four databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess the risk of bias. Alpha-diversity metrics (observed species, Shannon index, and faith phylogenetic diversity) showed significantly lower values in chronic pain patients compared to controls, indicating reduced microbial diversity. Beta-diversity results were inconsistent. The relative abundance of certain microbes, such as *Faecalibacterium prausnitzii* and *Odoribacter splanchnicus*, was decreased in chronic pain patients, while *Eggerthella* spp. increased. These findings suggest that gut microbiota dysbiosis may contribute to chronic pain conditions, with non-specific alterations in microbial composition. The study highlights the potential value of addressing gut-brain axis interactions in managing chronic pain.