This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the association between gut microbiota alterations and chronic pain conditions. The study included 21 studies for the systematic review and 11 for the meta-analysis, revealing significant decreases in alpha-diversity metrics such as observed species, Shannon index, and faith phylogenetic diversity in chronic pain patients compared to controls. Beta-diversity showed inconsistent results. Chronic pain patients exhibited reduced relative abundance of the Lachnospiraceae family, Faecalibacterium, and Roseburia, as well as species like Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Odoribacter splanchnicus, while showing increased abundance of Eggerthella spp. The study suggests that gut microbiota dysbiosis may be a non-specific alteration in chronic pain patients. The findings indicate that gut microbiota dysbiosis could contribute to the pathophysiology of chronic pain, highlighting the potential role of the gut-brain axis in chronic pain conditions. The study also emphasizes the need for further research to explore the specific mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets for chronic pain management.This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the association between gut microbiota alterations and chronic pain conditions. The study included 21 studies for the systematic review and 11 for the meta-analysis, revealing significant decreases in alpha-diversity metrics such as observed species, Shannon index, and faith phylogenetic diversity in chronic pain patients compared to controls. Beta-diversity showed inconsistent results. Chronic pain patients exhibited reduced relative abundance of the Lachnospiraceae family, Faecalibacterium, and Roseburia, as well as species like Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Odoribacter splanchnicus, while showing increased abundance of Eggerthella spp. The study suggests that gut microbiota dysbiosis may be a non-specific alteration in chronic pain patients. The findings indicate that gut microbiota dysbiosis could contribute to the pathophysiology of chronic pain, highlighting the potential role of the gut-brain axis in chronic pain conditions. The study also emphasizes the need for further research to explore the specific mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets for chronic pain management.