This study investigates the role of gut microbiota dysbiosis in the development of hypertension. The researchers conducted comprehensive metagenomic and metabolomic analyses on a cohort of 196 individuals, including healthy controls, pre-hypertensive (pHTN) subjects, and hypertensive (HTN) patients. They found that compared to healthy controls, both pHTN and HTN groups exhibited decreased microbial richness and diversity, a shift towards a *Prevotella*-dominated gut enterotype, and altered metagenomic composition with reduced bacteria associated with a healthy status and overgrowth of bacteria such as *Prevotella* and *Klebsiella*. The metabolic changes in these populations were closely linked to gut microbiome dysbiosis. A disease classifier based on microbiota and metabolites was developed to accurately discriminate pHTN and HTN individuals from controls. Additionally, fecal transplantation from hypertensive donors to germ-free mice resulted in elevated blood pressure, demonstrating the direct influence of gut microbiota on blood pressure. The study highlights the novel causal role of aberrant gut microbiota in contributing to hypertension and emphasizes the importance of early intervention for pHTN.This study investigates the role of gut microbiota dysbiosis in the development of hypertension. The researchers conducted comprehensive metagenomic and metabolomic analyses on a cohort of 196 individuals, including healthy controls, pre-hypertensive (pHTN) subjects, and hypertensive (HTN) patients. They found that compared to healthy controls, both pHTN and HTN groups exhibited decreased microbial richness and diversity, a shift towards a *Prevotella*-dominated gut enterotype, and altered metagenomic composition with reduced bacteria associated with a healthy status and overgrowth of bacteria such as *Prevotella* and *Klebsiella*. The metabolic changes in these populations were closely linked to gut microbiome dysbiosis. A disease classifier based on microbiota and metabolites was developed to accurately discriminate pHTN and HTN individuals from controls. Additionally, fecal transplantation from hypertensive donors to germ-free mice resulted in elevated blood pressure, demonstrating the direct influence of gut microbiota on blood pressure. The study highlights the novel causal role of aberrant gut microbiota in contributing to hypertension and emphasizes the importance of early intervention for pHTN.