Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical roles in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development, progression, and its associated risk factors such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and viral hepatitis. LncRNAs regulate gene expression through various mechanisms, including chromatin remodeling, transcriptional regulation, post-transcriptional control, and interactions with microRNAs (miRNAs). They also contribute to epigenetic modifications, influencing DNA methylation and histone modifications, which affect gene expression patterns in HCC cells. LncRNAs have been identified as potential diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic targets in HCC. For example, HOTAIR, MALAT1, HULC, PVT1, H19, NEAT1, HEIH, and SNHG6 are among the lncRNAs that have been implicated in HCC progression. These lncRNAs can promote tumor growth, metastasis, and resistance to therapy by modulating signaling pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin, PI3K/AKT, and EMT. Additionally, lncRNAs are involved in regulating metabolic processes, including glycolysis and lipid metabolism, which are crucial for cancer cell survival. The study of lncRNAs in HCC is essential for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the disease and for developing novel therapeutic strategies. Further research is needed to validate the functional roles of lncRNAs in HCC and to explore their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical roles in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development, progression, and its associated risk factors such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and viral hepatitis. LncRNAs regulate gene expression through various mechanisms, including chromatin remodeling, transcriptional regulation, post-transcriptional control, and interactions with microRNAs (miRNAs). They also contribute to epigenetic modifications, influencing DNA methylation and histone modifications, which affect gene expression patterns in HCC cells. LncRNAs have been identified as potential diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic targets in HCC. For example, HOTAIR, MALAT1, HULC, PVT1, H19, NEAT1, HEIH, and SNHG6 are among the lncRNAs that have been implicated in HCC progression. These lncRNAs can promote tumor growth, metastasis, and resistance to therapy by modulating signaling pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin, PI3K/AKT, and EMT. Additionally, lncRNAs are involved in regulating metabolic processes, including glycolysis and lipid metabolism, which are crucial for cancer cell survival. The study of lncRNAs in HCC is essential for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the disease and for developing novel therapeutic strategies. Further research is needed to validate the functional roles of lncRNAs in HCC and to explore their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.