Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a significant global health threat, particularly in regions endemic to hepatitis B and C viruses, and due to the increasing prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). The molecular intricacies of HCC, including genetic and epigenetic alterations, and dysregulated signaling pathways, underpin personalized treatment strategies. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a crucial role in gene regulation and are potential diagnostic and therapeutic tools in cancer. This review explores the pivotal role of lncRNAs in HCC, including MAFLD and viral hepatitis, the most prevalent risk factors for hepatocarcinogenesis. The dysregulation of lncRNAs is implicated in HCC progression by modulating chromatin regulation, transcription, sponging miRNAs, and influencing structural functions. Recent studies on lncRNAs contribute to a deeper understanding of HCC pathogenesis and offer promising routes for precision medicine, highlighting their utility as early biomarkers, prognostic indicators, and therapeutic targets. The review also discusses the significance of studying lncRNAs in HCC, their roles in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and viral hepatitis, and their regulatory mechanisms in HCC. Key lncRNAs such as HOTAIR, MALAT1, HULC, PVT1, HOTTIP, H19, NEAT1, HEIH, SNHG6, and others are highlighted for their oncogenic functions and potential therapeutic targets.Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a significant global health threat, particularly in regions endemic to hepatitis B and C viruses, and due to the increasing prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). The molecular intricacies of HCC, including genetic and epigenetic alterations, and dysregulated signaling pathways, underpin personalized treatment strategies. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a crucial role in gene regulation and are potential diagnostic and therapeutic tools in cancer. This review explores the pivotal role of lncRNAs in HCC, including MAFLD and viral hepatitis, the most prevalent risk factors for hepatocarcinogenesis. The dysregulation of lncRNAs is implicated in HCC progression by modulating chromatin regulation, transcription, sponging miRNAs, and influencing structural functions. Recent studies on lncRNAs contribute to a deeper understanding of HCC pathogenesis and offer promising routes for precision medicine, highlighting their utility as early biomarkers, prognostic indicators, and therapeutic targets. The review also discusses the significance of studying lncRNAs in HCC, their roles in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and viral hepatitis, and their regulatory mechanisms in HCC. Key lncRNAs such as HOTAIR, MALAT1, HULC, PVT1, HOTTIP, H19, NEAT1, HEIH, SNHG6, and others are highlighted for their oncogenic functions and potential therapeutic targets.