The article "HIV Persistence, Latency, and Cure Approaches: Where Are We Now?" by Tessa C. Chou, Nishad S. Maggirwar, and Matthew D. Marsden provides an overview of the challenges and current approaches in addressing HIV latency and cure. The authors highlight that while antiretroviral therapy (ART) can suppress HIV replication and halt disease progression, it cannot eliminate latently infected cells, which can lead to viral rebound if ART is interrupted. The focus of the field is on understanding and eliminating the latent viral reservoir, which consists primarily of latently infected CD4+ T cells. The article discusses the mechanisms of HIV latency, including transcriptional regulation, integration site selection, epigenetic modifications, and transcriptional elongation. It also addresses the challenges in studying and eliminating the latent reservoir, such as the rarity and widespread distribution of latently infected cells, the stability of the reservoir, and the genetic diversity of the provirus. The authors review animal models used to study HIV latency, including non-human primates and humanized mice, and discuss various cure approaches, such as latency reversal, kill augmentation, and gene therapy. The article emphasizes the need for further research to develop safe and effective methods to eliminate the latent reservoir and achieve a cure for HIV.The article "HIV Persistence, Latency, and Cure Approaches: Where Are We Now?" by Tessa C. Chou, Nishad S. Maggirwar, and Matthew D. Marsden provides an overview of the challenges and current approaches in addressing HIV latency and cure. The authors highlight that while antiretroviral therapy (ART) can suppress HIV replication and halt disease progression, it cannot eliminate latently infected cells, which can lead to viral rebound if ART is interrupted. The focus of the field is on understanding and eliminating the latent viral reservoir, which consists primarily of latently infected CD4+ T cells. The article discusses the mechanisms of HIV latency, including transcriptional regulation, integration site selection, epigenetic modifications, and transcriptional elongation. It also addresses the challenges in studying and eliminating the latent reservoir, such as the rarity and widespread distribution of latently infected cells, the stability of the reservoir, and the genetic diversity of the provirus. The authors review animal models used to study HIV latency, including non-human primates and humanized mice, and discuss various cure approaches, such as latency reversal, kill augmentation, and gene therapy. The article emphasizes the need for further research to develop safe and effective methods to eliminate the latent reservoir and achieve a cure for HIV.