The article discusses the harmonization of the legal framework for online arbitration, focusing on the challenges and opportunities in resolving international trade and investment disputes in a digital environment. Online dispute resolution (ODR) is increasingly important due to the rapid development of international trade and the need for efficient dispute resolution mechanisms. The article highlights the role of information technology in enabling confidential, quick, and impartial dispute resolution. It notes that online dispute resolution cases are predominantly domestic, with cross-border disputes accounting for 46.72% of cases. The largest number of online dispute resolution appeals are in Germany, Austria, Hungary, and the Netherlands. The article emphasizes the importance of a unified legal framework for online arbitration, noting that the Model Law provides a useful tool for harmonization. However, international agreements and conventions are time-consuming and may not be feasible due to the complexity of legal systems. Model laws, while not legally binding, offer flexibility and are easier to adopt. The article also discusses the different types of contracts, including unilateral, bilateral, and versatile contracts, and their implications for dispute resolution. The article highlights the need for a comprehensive legal framework that supports the development of e-commerce and foreign investment. It references various legal documents and resolutions aimed at improving the investment environment and enhancing the efficiency of dispute resolution. The article concludes that a model law for online arbitration could provide a starting point for regulating online arbitration, promoting global harmonization, and adapting to technological advancements. The article also discusses the role of international organizations in promoting ODR and the importance of stakeholder engagement in developing an effective ODR framework.The article discusses the harmonization of the legal framework for online arbitration, focusing on the challenges and opportunities in resolving international trade and investment disputes in a digital environment. Online dispute resolution (ODR) is increasingly important due to the rapid development of international trade and the need for efficient dispute resolution mechanisms. The article highlights the role of information technology in enabling confidential, quick, and impartial dispute resolution. It notes that online dispute resolution cases are predominantly domestic, with cross-border disputes accounting for 46.72% of cases. The largest number of online dispute resolution appeals are in Germany, Austria, Hungary, and the Netherlands. The article emphasizes the importance of a unified legal framework for online arbitration, noting that the Model Law provides a useful tool for harmonization. However, international agreements and conventions are time-consuming and may not be feasible due to the complexity of legal systems. Model laws, while not legally binding, offer flexibility and are easier to adopt. The article also discusses the different types of contracts, including unilateral, bilateral, and versatile contracts, and their implications for dispute resolution. The article highlights the need for a comprehensive legal framework that supports the development of e-commerce and foreign investment. It references various legal documents and resolutions aimed at improving the investment environment and enhancing the efficiency of dispute resolution. The article concludes that a model law for online arbitration could provide a starting point for regulating online arbitration, promoting global harmonization, and adapting to technological advancements. The article also discusses the role of international organizations in promoting ODR and the importance of stakeholder engagement in developing an effective ODR framework.