Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising approach for improving the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM), a hematological malignancy characterized by the clonal proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow. This review explores the potential of nanotechnology in enhancing drug delivery, imaging, and immunotherapy for MM. Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems offer enhanced targeting, reduced systemic toxicity, and improved therapeutic efficacy. Recent developments in nanocarriers, such as liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, and inorganic nanoparticles, have shown promise in delivering chemotherapeutic agents, siRNA, and miRNA for MM treatment. Nanoscale imaging techniques provide spatial multi-omic data, offering a holistic view of the tumor microenvironment. Nano-immunotherapy, which employs nanoparticles to modulate the immune system, is also an emerging field with potential for enhancing immune responses against myeloma cells. Despite these advancements, challenges remain, including the need for further preclinical and clinical trials to assess the safety and efficacy of these strategies. Future research should focus on developing personalized nanomedicine approaches to tailor treatments to individual patients based on their genetic and molecular profiles. Nanotechnology holds great promise for improving the prognosis and quality of life of MM patients, but further studies are needed to fully realize its potential.Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising approach for improving the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM), a hematological malignancy characterized by the clonal proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow. This review explores the potential of nanotechnology in enhancing drug delivery, imaging, and immunotherapy for MM. Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems offer enhanced targeting, reduced systemic toxicity, and improved therapeutic efficacy. Recent developments in nanocarriers, such as liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, and inorganic nanoparticles, have shown promise in delivering chemotherapeutic agents, siRNA, and miRNA for MM treatment. Nanoscale imaging techniques provide spatial multi-omic data, offering a holistic view of the tumor microenvironment. Nano-immunotherapy, which employs nanoparticles to modulate the immune system, is also an emerging field with potential for enhancing immune responses against myeloma cells. Despite these advancements, challenges remain, including the need for further preclinical and clinical trials to assess the safety and efficacy of these strategies. Future research should focus on developing personalized nanomedicine approaches to tailor treatments to individual patients based on their genetic and molecular profiles. Nanotechnology holds great promise for improving the prognosis and quality of life of MM patients, but further studies are needed to fully realize its potential.