The article discusses the potential of genomics to revolutionize the delineation of conservation units (CUs) by detecting adaptive genetic variation in rare and endangered species. The authors propose that neutral and adaptive markers should not be seen as alternatives but rather as complementary tools that provide different types of information. They emphasize the importance of integrating data from both types of markers to make optimal management decisions. The paper outlines a new framework for using genomic data to delineate CUs and characterize adaptive differentiation, highlighting the need for caution in interpreting genomic results due to the complexity of selection and adaptation. The authors also discuss the importance of ecological, phenotypic, and environmental data in complementing genomic data to strengthen inferences about spatial patterns of adaptation. Finally, they suggest future research directions to improve the use of genomic data for delimiting CUs and quantifying adaptive divergence.The article discusses the potential of genomics to revolutionize the delineation of conservation units (CUs) by detecting adaptive genetic variation in rare and endangered species. The authors propose that neutral and adaptive markers should not be seen as alternatives but rather as complementary tools that provide different types of information. They emphasize the importance of integrating data from both types of markers to make optimal management decisions. The paper outlines a new framework for using genomic data to delineate CUs and characterize adaptive differentiation, highlighting the need for caution in interpreting genomic results due to the complexity of selection and adaptation. The authors also discuss the importance of ecological, phenotypic, and environmental data in complementing genomic data to strengthen inferences about spatial patterns of adaptation. Finally, they suggest future research directions to improve the use of genomic data for delimiting CUs and quantifying adaptive divergence.