This review discusses the health effects of ionizing radiation on the human body, focusing on acute radiation syndrome (ARS) and other chronic radiation effects. Ionizing radiation, which includes alpha, beta, and gamma particles, can cause damage to various organs and tissues. The effects depend on the dose, type of radiation, and the area of exposure. High doses of radiation can lead to ARS, which is characterized by symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and hair loss, and can be fatal if not treated promptly. Radiation can also cause damage to the respiratory system, nervous system, hematopoietic system, gastrointestinal tract, and skin. The damage is often due to mutations, apoptosis, and cell death. The review also discusses the mechanisms of radiation damage, including direct and indirect DNA damage, and the role of radiation in causing cancer and other diseases. It highlights the importance of understanding the biological effects of radiation to develop better protective measures and treatments. The review emphasizes the need for awareness of the consequences of ionizing radiation and the importance of proper radiation protection in medical and industrial settings. The study also discusses the potential for using radiation therapy in cancer treatment, along with the risks and challenges associated with it. The review concludes that further research is needed to better understand the effects of ionizing radiation and to develop more effective ways to protect against its harmful effects.This review discusses the health effects of ionizing radiation on the human body, focusing on acute radiation syndrome (ARS) and other chronic radiation effects. Ionizing radiation, which includes alpha, beta, and gamma particles, can cause damage to various organs and tissues. The effects depend on the dose, type of radiation, and the area of exposure. High doses of radiation can lead to ARS, which is characterized by symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and hair loss, and can be fatal if not treated promptly. Radiation can also cause damage to the respiratory system, nervous system, hematopoietic system, gastrointestinal tract, and skin. The damage is often due to mutations, apoptosis, and cell death. The review also discusses the mechanisms of radiation damage, including direct and indirect DNA damage, and the role of radiation in causing cancer and other diseases. It highlights the importance of understanding the biological effects of radiation to develop better protective measures and treatments. The review emphasizes the need for awareness of the consequences of ionizing radiation and the importance of proper radiation protection in medical and industrial settings. The study also discusses the potential for using radiation therapy in cancer treatment, along with the risks and challenges associated with it. The review concludes that further research is needed to better understand the effects of ionizing radiation and to develop more effective ways to protect against its harmful effects.