Health care is emerging as the new front line for anti-diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) attacks, reflecting a broader wave of state-level anti-DEI legislation in higher education and a historical pattern of racial progress followed by backlash. Since 2023, 65 anti-DEI bills have been introduced, with eight becoming law. These efforts are linked to the 2022 Supreme Court's reversal of Roe v. Wade and anti-trans and anti-abortion legislation. The impact on healthcare DEI initiatives could be devastating, threatening the diversification of the healthcare workforce and exacerbating racial health inequities. Anti-DEI efforts target both private and public sectors, including lawsuits challenging laws requiring implicit bias training for physicians and policies ensuring representation of minoritized groups. At the federal level, attorneys general from several states have sued the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services to eliminate anti-racism plans. Private sector lawsuits have also targeted financial incentives for Black physicians and health equity fellowships. Within medical professional organizations, anti-DEI efforts have gained momentum, with a proposed resolution by the American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) to dismantle DEI programs, which was rejected due to advocacy from Black and other members. Despite this, similar efforts are likely to spread to other organizations. The implications for U.S. healthcare workforce diversity and health equity are severe. Racialized health inequities persist, with underrepresentation of Black, Latinx, and Indigenous physicians. Racial concordance is associated with positive health outcomes, and anti-DEI efforts may drive out minoritized physicians, affecting communities' well-being. Medical training regulatory agencies recognize the importance of DEI, but training standards and clinical guidelines are lacking. Health professionals must increase awareness of anti-DEI misinformation and communicate the value of diversity, equity, inclusion, and antiracism. Health care institutions and professional organizations must deepen their commitment to DEI and antiracism, using best practices to address resistance and ensure progress.Health care is emerging as the new front line for anti-diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) attacks, reflecting a broader wave of state-level anti-DEI legislation in higher education and a historical pattern of racial progress followed by backlash. Since 2023, 65 anti-DEI bills have been introduced, with eight becoming law. These efforts are linked to the 2022 Supreme Court's reversal of Roe v. Wade and anti-trans and anti-abortion legislation. The impact on healthcare DEI initiatives could be devastating, threatening the diversification of the healthcare workforce and exacerbating racial health inequities. Anti-DEI efforts target both private and public sectors, including lawsuits challenging laws requiring implicit bias training for physicians and policies ensuring representation of minoritized groups. At the federal level, attorneys general from several states have sued the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services to eliminate anti-racism plans. Private sector lawsuits have also targeted financial incentives for Black physicians and health equity fellowships. Within medical professional organizations, anti-DEI efforts have gained momentum, with a proposed resolution by the American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) to dismantle DEI programs, which was rejected due to advocacy from Black and other members. Despite this, similar efforts are likely to spread to other organizations. The implications for U.S. healthcare workforce diversity and health equity are severe. Racialized health inequities persist, with underrepresentation of Black, Latinx, and Indigenous physicians. Racial concordance is associated with positive health outcomes, and anti-DEI efforts may drive out minoritized physicians, affecting communities' well-being. Medical training regulatory agencies recognize the importance of DEI, but training standards and clinical guidelines are lacking. Health professionals must increase awareness of anti-DEI misinformation and communicate the value of diversity, equity, inclusion, and antiracism. Health care institutions and professional organizations must deepen their commitment to DEI and antiracism, using best practices to address resistance and ensure progress.