The article reviews the effects of heavy metal pollution on plant growth and performance, and discusses various bioremediation methods for treating such soils. Heavy metals, naturally present in the soil, can become harmful to plants and animals due to increased concentrations from geological and anthropogenic activities. Plants growing on polluted soils exhibit reduced growth, performance, and yield. Bioremediation, particularly phytoremediation, is an effective and environmentally friendly method for treating heavy metal polluted soils. It involves the use of microorganisms and plants to transform or immobilize heavy metals, making them less toxic or more water-soluble for extraction. The article highlights the mechanisms employed by plants and microorganisms in bioremediation, including phytoextraction, phytostabilization, and phytovolatilization. Combining both microorganisms and plants can enhance the efficiency of bioremediation, but the success of this approach depends on the species involved and the concentration of heavy metals in the soil. The article also discusses the limitations and challenges of bioremediation, such as the potential contamination of groundwater and the need for constant environmental monitoring.The article reviews the effects of heavy metal pollution on plant growth and performance, and discusses various bioremediation methods for treating such soils. Heavy metals, naturally present in the soil, can become harmful to plants and animals due to increased concentrations from geological and anthropogenic activities. Plants growing on polluted soils exhibit reduced growth, performance, and yield. Bioremediation, particularly phytoremediation, is an effective and environmentally friendly method for treating heavy metal polluted soils. It involves the use of microorganisms and plants to transform or immobilize heavy metals, making them less toxic or more water-soluble for extraction. The article highlights the mechanisms employed by plants and microorganisms in bioremediation, including phytoextraction, phytostabilization, and phytovolatilization. Combining both microorganisms and plants can enhance the efficiency of bioremediation, but the success of this approach depends on the species involved and the concentration of heavy metals in the soil. The article also discusses the limitations and challenges of bioremediation, such as the potential contamination of groundwater and the need for constant environmental monitoring.