Heavy arch: from inflammatory bowel diseases to metabolic disorders

Heavy arch: from inflammatory bowel diseases to metabolic disorders

2024 | Timon E Adolph, Moritz Meyer, Almina Jukic, Herbert Tilg
The article explores the connection between metabolic disorders and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), highlighting their shared underlying mechanisms and clinical implications. Both conditions are increasingly prevalent due to Western lifestyle and dietary changes, leading to complex clinical presentations. Experimental studies suggest that inflammatory mechanisms in metabolic diseases and gut inflammation are interconnected, while clinical evidence indicates an intricate relationship between the two. The Western lifestyle and diet contribute to metabolic inflammation, both within and beyond the gut, and metabolic disorders, including the metabolic syndrome, are increasingly affecting IBD patients, with potential negative impacts on both conditions. Addressing the obesity pandemic could benefit both metabolic health and IBD. Metabolic disorders such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) share similarities with IBD pathophysiology, potentially explained by environmental factors. Obesity is associated with more severe IBD, increased risk of complications, and poor treatment outcomes. Similarly, MASLD is linked to an increased risk of developing Crohn's disease (CD) but not ulcerative colitis (UC). T2D is also associated with increased risk of IBD and poor disease outcomes. Both conditions share systemic low-grade inflammation and gut microbial perturbations, which contribute to disease progression. Clinical implications include the need for screening and managing obesity and related disorders in IBD patients, as they significantly impact morbidity, malnutrition, quality of life, and disease course. Sarcopenic obesity, a condition characterized by muscle wasting in obese individuals, is a significant concern in IBD patients. Additionally, metabolic disorders increase the risk of cancer and cardiovascular complications in IBD patients. The management of IBD patients should consider these factors, including nutritional status, screening for metabolic liver disease, and addressing obesity through lifestyle changes, pharmacotherapy, or bariatric surgery. Future research should focus on understanding the genetic and microbial factors contributing to the overlap between metabolic disorders and IBD, as well as exploring targeted therapies and microbiota-based treatments. Anti-inflammatory therapies, such as anti-TNF agents, may have potential in managing both conditions. Overall, the interplay between metabolic disorders and IBD underscores the need for a holistic approach to patient care, considering both conditions in treatment strategies.The article explores the connection between metabolic disorders and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), highlighting their shared underlying mechanisms and clinical implications. Both conditions are increasingly prevalent due to Western lifestyle and dietary changes, leading to complex clinical presentations. Experimental studies suggest that inflammatory mechanisms in metabolic diseases and gut inflammation are interconnected, while clinical evidence indicates an intricate relationship between the two. The Western lifestyle and diet contribute to metabolic inflammation, both within and beyond the gut, and metabolic disorders, including the metabolic syndrome, are increasingly affecting IBD patients, with potential negative impacts on both conditions. Addressing the obesity pandemic could benefit both metabolic health and IBD. Metabolic disorders such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) share similarities with IBD pathophysiology, potentially explained by environmental factors. Obesity is associated with more severe IBD, increased risk of complications, and poor treatment outcomes. Similarly, MASLD is linked to an increased risk of developing Crohn's disease (CD) but not ulcerative colitis (UC). T2D is also associated with increased risk of IBD and poor disease outcomes. Both conditions share systemic low-grade inflammation and gut microbial perturbations, which contribute to disease progression. Clinical implications include the need for screening and managing obesity and related disorders in IBD patients, as they significantly impact morbidity, malnutrition, quality of life, and disease course. Sarcopenic obesity, a condition characterized by muscle wasting in obese individuals, is a significant concern in IBD patients. Additionally, metabolic disorders increase the risk of cancer and cardiovascular complications in IBD patients. The management of IBD patients should consider these factors, including nutritional status, screening for metabolic liver disease, and addressing obesity through lifestyle changes, pharmacotherapy, or bariatric surgery. Future research should focus on understanding the genetic and microbial factors contributing to the overlap between metabolic disorders and IBD, as well as exploring targeted therapies and microbiota-based treatments. Anti-inflammatory therapies, such as anti-TNF agents, may have potential in managing both conditions. Overall, the interplay between metabolic disorders and IBD underscores the need for a holistic approach to patient care, considering both conditions in treatment strategies.
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