Heavy metal pollution is a growing environmental concern due to its adverse effects on humans and ecosystems. This review discusses the sources, properties, and toxicological effects of heavy metals, as well as their entry into the environment and their impact on human health. Heavy metals, such as lead, mercury, and cadmium, are naturally occurring but their increased use in industry, agriculture, and waste disposal has led to significant environmental contamination. These metals can enter the environment through various pathways, including soil, water, and air pollution, and can accumulate in the food chain, posing serious health risks. The toxicological effects of heavy metals are complex, involving mechanisms such as oxidative stress, DNA damage, and disruption of cellular functions. The review highlights the pharmacokinetic processes of heavy metals, including their absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion in the human body. It also discusses the various ways in which heavy metals can enter the ecosystem, such as through industrial emissions, agricultural practices, and waste disposal. The review emphasizes the importance of understanding the toxicological effects of heavy metals to develop effective strategies for pollution control and public health protection. Overall, the review provides a comprehensive overview of the environmental and health impacts of heavy metal pollution, highlighting the need for continued research and intervention to mitigate the risks associated with these pollutants.Heavy metal pollution is a growing environmental concern due to its adverse effects on humans and ecosystems. This review discusses the sources, properties, and toxicological effects of heavy metals, as well as their entry into the environment and their impact on human health. Heavy metals, such as lead, mercury, and cadmium, are naturally occurring but their increased use in industry, agriculture, and waste disposal has led to significant environmental contamination. These metals can enter the environment through various pathways, including soil, water, and air pollution, and can accumulate in the food chain, posing serious health risks. The toxicological effects of heavy metals are complex, involving mechanisms such as oxidative stress, DNA damage, and disruption of cellular functions. The review highlights the pharmacokinetic processes of heavy metals, including their absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion in the human body. It also discusses the various ways in which heavy metals can enter the ecosystem, such as through industrial emissions, agricultural practices, and waste disposal. The review emphasizes the importance of understanding the toxicological effects of heavy metals to develop effective strategies for pollution control and public health protection. Overall, the review provides a comprehensive overview of the environmental and health impacts of heavy metal pollution, highlighting the need for continued research and intervention to mitigate the risks associated with these pollutants.