Helminth infections, or parasitic worm infections, are among the most common infectious diseases in developing countries, causing a significant global health burden that rivals that of malaria and tuberculosis. Recent advances in helminth biology, including genome sequencing and new technologies like transgenesis and RNA interference, have enhanced our understanding of helminth transmission and immune responses. These advances could lead to new drugs, diagnostics, and vaccines for treating helminth infections. Helminths include nematodes (roundworms) and platyhelminthes (flatworms), such as schistosomes and tapeworms. They are transmitted through various means, including contaminated soil, water, and vectors. Helminth infections are prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, and the Americas, affecting nearly one-third of people living on less than two dollars per day. Common helminth infections include ascariasis, trichuriasis, hookworm, schistosomiasis, and lymphatic filariasis. These infections can lead to severe health issues, including growth stunting, cognitive impairment, and reduced productivity, particularly in children and pregnant women. Helminth infections also co-occur with malaria and HIV/AIDS, exacerbating the burden of these diseases. Current treatments for helminth infections are limited, with only a few drugs available. The lack of effective treatments is partly due to the limited commercial market for helminth-targeting drugs and the complexity of helminth biology. Despite this, recent research has shown that helminths could be a rich source of molecules for biomedical innovation. The epidemiology of helminth infections is influenced by factors such as environment, age, household clustering, and genetics. Transmission categories are determined by prevalence and intensity of infection, with different strategies for control based on these factors. Helminth infections are often chronic and can lead to severe health outcomes, including blindness, disability, and death. The burden of helminth infections is significant, with over one billion people affected globally. Recent advances in helminth immunology have revealed the role of type 2 immunity in fighting helminth infections. This immune response involves the activation of innate and adaptive immune cells, leading to the production of cytokines that help combat infections. Understanding these immune responses is crucial for developing new vaccines and therapies. Genomic studies of helminths have provided insights into their biology and potential for drug development. The genomes of helminths like Schistosoma mansoni and Brugia malayi have been sequenced, offering new targets for drug development. RNA interference and transgenesis techniques are being used to study helminth genes and their functions. Mass drug administration (MDA) is a major strategy for controlling helminth infections, involving the distribution of anthelmintic drugs to at-risk populations. However, concerns about drug resistance and the need for new drugs and vaccines are growing. Research is ongoing to develop newHelminth infections, or parasitic worm infections, are among the most common infectious diseases in developing countries, causing a significant global health burden that rivals that of malaria and tuberculosis. Recent advances in helminth biology, including genome sequencing and new technologies like transgenesis and RNA interference, have enhanced our understanding of helminth transmission and immune responses. These advances could lead to new drugs, diagnostics, and vaccines for treating helminth infections. Helminths include nematodes (roundworms) and platyhelminthes (flatworms), such as schistosomes and tapeworms. They are transmitted through various means, including contaminated soil, water, and vectors. Helminth infections are prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, and the Americas, affecting nearly one-third of people living on less than two dollars per day. Common helminth infections include ascariasis, trichuriasis, hookworm, schistosomiasis, and lymphatic filariasis. These infections can lead to severe health issues, including growth stunting, cognitive impairment, and reduced productivity, particularly in children and pregnant women. Helminth infections also co-occur with malaria and HIV/AIDS, exacerbating the burden of these diseases. Current treatments for helminth infections are limited, with only a few drugs available. The lack of effective treatments is partly due to the limited commercial market for helminth-targeting drugs and the complexity of helminth biology. Despite this, recent research has shown that helminths could be a rich source of molecules for biomedical innovation. The epidemiology of helminth infections is influenced by factors such as environment, age, household clustering, and genetics. Transmission categories are determined by prevalence and intensity of infection, with different strategies for control based on these factors. Helminth infections are often chronic and can lead to severe health outcomes, including blindness, disability, and death. The burden of helminth infections is significant, with over one billion people affected globally. Recent advances in helminth immunology have revealed the role of type 2 immunity in fighting helminth infections. This immune response involves the activation of innate and adaptive immune cells, leading to the production of cytokines that help combat infections. Understanding these immune responses is crucial for developing new vaccines and therapies. Genomic studies of helminths have provided insights into their biology and potential for drug development. The genomes of helminths like Schistosoma mansoni and Brugia malayi have been sequenced, offering new targets for drug development. RNA interference and transgenesis techniques are being used to study helminth genes and their functions. Mass drug administration (MDA) is a major strategy for controlling helminth infections, involving the distribution of anthelmintic drugs to at-risk populations. However, concerns about drug resistance and the need for new drugs and vaccines are growing. Research is ongoing to develop new