Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a significant global health issue, predominantly affecting developing countries, where over 80% of cases occur. Chronic HBV and HCV infections are the primary causes, with viral transmission occurring at an early age, leading to HCC development in mid-adulthood. This places a substantial burden on healthcare systems and productive capacity in low- and middle-income countries. Effective management strategies vary by resource levels: high-resource environments should follow guidelines from the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases or European Association for the Study of the Liver, while intermediate- and low-resource environments should focus on primary prevention through universal HBV vaccination, appropriate precautions, and antiviral treatments. Infrastructure and capacity for advanced diagnostic and therapeutic procedures should be established in these regions, and targeted therapies similar to those used for HIV should be pursued. Advances in understanding HCC risk factors, molecular pathways, and treatment options have led to improvements in surveillance, diagnosis, and therapy, but global collaboration is needed to implement cost-effective and sustainable strategies to reduce the burden of HCC.Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a significant global health issue, predominantly affecting developing countries, where over 80% of cases occur. Chronic HBV and HCV infections are the primary causes, with viral transmission occurring at an early age, leading to HCC development in mid-adulthood. This places a substantial burden on healthcare systems and productive capacity in low- and middle-income countries. Effective management strategies vary by resource levels: high-resource environments should follow guidelines from the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases or European Association for the Study of the Liver, while intermediate- and low-resource environments should focus on primary prevention through universal HBV vaccination, appropriate precautions, and antiviral treatments. Infrastructure and capacity for advanced diagnostic and therapeutic procedures should be established in these regions, and targeted therapies similar to those used for HIV should be pursued. Advances in understanding HCC risk factors, molecular pathways, and treatment options have led to improvements in surveillance, diagnosis, and therapy, but global collaboration is needed to implement cost-effective and sustainable strategies to reduce the burden of HCC.