Herbicides play a crucial role in modern agriculture by controlling weeds and ensuring sustainable crop productivity. However, their use raises concerns about contamination, posing threats to the environment, biodiversity, and food safety. Recent trends show a decline in herbicide usage, with a shift towards more specific formulations and increased use of systemic and pre-emergence herbicides. Despite their benefits, herbicides have adverse environmental impacts, leading to the development of more selective or bio-based herbicides that degrade after use. Integrated weed management practices are essential to reduce herbicide-resistant weed populations. Herbicides are vital for controlling weeds, which compete with crops for nutrients, space, and moisture, reducing crop yields. Chemical control is preferred due to its effectiveness and cost-efficiency. Globally, over 4.10 million tons of pesticides are used annually, with herbicides accounting for 47.50%. However, their environmental and health risks are significant, including residues in plants, soil, and water, and harm to non-target organisms. The use of herbicides has increased significantly since 1945, contributing to 47.50% of total pesticide usage. Recent trends indicate a shift towards more targeted herbicides, with systemic and pre-emergence herbicides playing key roles in modern agriculture. Systemic herbicides are absorbed by plants and target weeds internally, while pre-emergence herbicides prevent weed germination. These formulations reduce chemical usage and environmental impact. The emergence of herbicide-resistant weed species has necessitated the development of new herbicides and management strategies. Herbicide resistance is a growing concern, with many weed species developing resistance to commonly used herbicides. This has led to the development of genetically modified herbicide-resistant crops, which allow for more effective weed control. However, this has also contributed to the evolution of herbicide-resistant weeds. The mechanisms of herbicide resistance include target-site resistance, metabolic resistance, and restricted herbicide uptake. The environmental impact of herbicides is significant, with factors such as physicochemical properties, soil conditions, and application methods influencing their toxicity. Herbicides can spread through spray drift, volatilization, runoff, and leaching, affecting non-target organisms and human health. Their persistence in the environment is a major concern, with some herbicides remaining in soil, water, and air for extended periods. Herbicide residues in food pose health risks, with levels exceeding maximum residue limits in some samples. Monitoring residue levels is crucial for food safety. Human exposure to herbicides can lead to various health effects, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and reproductive issues. Non-target organisms, including soil microorganisms, aquatic species, and insects, are also affected by herbicides. Future research should focus on developing safer herbicides with improved safety profiles, integrating sustainable weed management practices, and exploring alternative approaches to reduce herbicide use. Integrated weed management strategies, including cultural, mechanical, and biological methods,Herbicides play a crucial role in modern agriculture by controlling weeds and ensuring sustainable crop productivity. However, their use raises concerns about contamination, posing threats to the environment, biodiversity, and food safety. Recent trends show a decline in herbicide usage, with a shift towards more specific formulations and increased use of systemic and pre-emergence herbicides. Despite their benefits, herbicides have adverse environmental impacts, leading to the development of more selective or bio-based herbicides that degrade after use. Integrated weed management practices are essential to reduce herbicide-resistant weed populations. Herbicides are vital for controlling weeds, which compete with crops for nutrients, space, and moisture, reducing crop yields. Chemical control is preferred due to its effectiveness and cost-efficiency. Globally, over 4.10 million tons of pesticides are used annually, with herbicides accounting for 47.50%. However, their environmental and health risks are significant, including residues in plants, soil, and water, and harm to non-target organisms. The use of herbicides has increased significantly since 1945, contributing to 47.50% of total pesticide usage. Recent trends indicate a shift towards more targeted herbicides, with systemic and pre-emergence herbicides playing key roles in modern agriculture. Systemic herbicides are absorbed by plants and target weeds internally, while pre-emergence herbicides prevent weed germination. These formulations reduce chemical usage and environmental impact. The emergence of herbicide-resistant weed species has necessitated the development of new herbicides and management strategies. Herbicide resistance is a growing concern, with many weed species developing resistance to commonly used herbicides. This has led to the development of genetically modified herbicide-resistant crops, which allow for more effective weed control. However, this has also contributed to the evolution of herbicide-resistant weeds. The mechanisms of herbicide resistance include target-site resistance, metabolic resistance, and restricted herbicide uptake. The environmental impact of herbicides is significant, with factors such as physicochemical properties, soil conditions, and application methods influencing their toxicity. Herbicides can spread through spray drift, volatilization, runoff, and leaching, affecting non-target organisms and human health. Their persistence in the environment is a major concern, with some herbicides remaining in soil, water, and air for extended periods. Herbicide residues in food pose health risks, with levels exceeding maximum residue limits in some samples. Monitoring residue levels is crucial for food safety. Human exposure to herbicides can lead to various health effects, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and reproductive issues. Non-target organisms, including soil microorganisms, aquatic species, and insects, are also affected by herbicides. Future research should focus on developing safer herbicides with improved safety profiles, integrating sustainable weed management practices, and exploring alternative approaches to reduce herbicide use. Integrated weed management strategies, including cultural, mechanical, and biological methods,