High-sensitivity diamond magnetometer with nanoscale resolution

High-sensitivity diamond magnetometer with nanoscale resolution

9 May 2008 | J. M. Taylor1*, P. Cappellaro2,3*, L. Childress2,4, L. Jiang2, D.Budker5, P. R. Hemmer6, A.Yacoby2, R. Walsworth2,3, M. D. Lukin2,3
The paper presents a novel approach to detecting weak magnetic fields using Nitrogen-Vacancy (NV) centers in diamond. This method leverages recent advancements in coherent control of solid-state electron spin quantum bits. The authors discuss two key applications: a nanoscale magnetometer capable of detecting precession of single nuclear spins, and an optical magnetic field imager with spatial resolution ranging from micrometers to millimeters and sensitivity approaching a few femtotesla/Hz^{1/2}. The detection of weak magnetic fields with high spatial resolution is crucial in various fields, including fundamental physics, material science, data storage, and biomedical science. The paper reviews existing magnetic sensors, such as SQUIDs, Hall effect sensors, atomic vapor and BEC-based magnetometers, and magnetic resonance force microscopy, and highlights the advantages of using NV centers in diamond. The NV center's ground state is a spin triplet with a 2.87 GHz crystal field splitting, allowing for electron-spin resonance (ESR) techniques even at room temperature. The authors describe the operating principles of the magnetometer, including the use of Ramsey-type sequences and Hahn echo sequences to improve sensitivity and coherence time. They also discuss the impact of paramagnetic impurities and the achievable sensitivity at high NV center densities. The paper provides detailed experimental demonstrations and theoretical analyses, showing that the NV-based magnetometer can achieve significantly higher sensitivity and spatial resolution compared to other methods. The authors conclude by discussing potential applications and future improvements, such as using non-classical spin states and more efficient NV center creation techniques.The paper presents a novel approach to detecting weak magnetic fields using Nitrogen-Vacancy (NV) centers in diamond. This method leverages recent advancements in coherent control of solid-state electron spin quantum bits. The authors discuss two key applications: a nanoscale magnetometer capable of detecting precession of single nuclear spins, and an optical magnetic field imager with spatial resolution ranging from micrometers to millimeters and sensitivity approaching a few femtotesla/Hz^{1/2}. The detection of weak magnetic fields with high spatial resolution is crucial in various fields, including fundamental physics, material science, data storage, and biomedical science. The paper reviews existing magnetic sensors, such as SQUIDs, Hall effect sensors, atomic vapor and BEC-based magnetometers, and magnetic resonance force microscopy, and highlights the advantages of using NV centers in diamond. The NV center's ground state is a spin triplet with a 2.87 GHz crystal field splitting, allowing for electron-spin resonance (ESR) techniques even at room temperature. The authors describe the operating principles of the magnetometer, including the use of Ramsey-type sequences and Hahn echo sequences to improve sensitivity and coherence time. They also discuss the impact of paramagnetic impurities and the achievable sensitivity at high NV center densities. The paper provides detailed experimental demonstrations and theoretical analyses, showing that the NV-based magnetometer can achieve significantly higher sensitivity and spatial resolution compared to other methods. The authors conclude by discussing potential applications and future improvements, such as using non-classical spin states and more efficient NV center creation techniques.
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