High-throughput DNA synthesis is a key technology for DNA data storage, which encodes binary data into quaternary DNA sequences. This review outlines the workflow of DNA data storage and basic methods of artificial DNA synthesis. It discusses the technical characteristics of different synthesis methods and the state-of-the-art of representative commercial companies, focusing on silicon chip microarray-based synthesis and novel enzymatic DNA synthesis. It also summarizes the recent status of DNA storage and new opportunities for future development in high-throughput DNA synthesis technology. DNA data storage involves encoding, writing, preservation, reading, and decoding. Encoding converts binary data into DNA base sequences. Writing synthesizes DNA strands according to designed sequences. Preservation stores DNA in stable forms. Reading decodes DNA sequences. Decoding retrieves digital data from DNA sequences. DNA has high storage density, long preservation time, and low maintenance cost. It can store more data per unit volume than conventional storage media. DNA data storage is considered a promising solution for long-term data storage due to its high stability and low cost. However, challenges remain, including low synthesis speed, difficulty in data access, and high costs of synthesis and sequencing. Two main methods of DNA synthesis are chemical and enzymatic. Chemical synthesis uses phosphoramidite chemistry, while enzymatic synthesis uses polymerases like TdT. Enzymatic synthesis offers higher efficiency and speed, but challenges remain in controlling nucleotide addition and improving enzyme activity. Array-based DNA synthesis chips enable high-throughput synthesis of DNA sequences. These chips use integrated circuit technology to achieve high-density synthesis. The synthesis density and speed are critical factors in DNA data storage. Current DNA synthesis technology has limitations in synthesis speed and error rates, but ongoing research aims to improve these aspects. The review highlights the potential of DNA data storage as a future solution for long-term data storage, emphasizing the need for further development in synthesis technology and integration with semiconductor technology. The development of DNA data storage is expected to revolutionize data storage by offering high capacity, low cost, and long-term stability.High-throughput DNA synthesis is a key technology for DNA data storage, which encodes binary data into quaternary DNA sequences. This review outlines the workflow of DNA data storage and basic methods of artificial DNA synthesis. It discusses the technical characteristics of different synthesis methods and the state-of-the-art of representative commercial companies, focusing on silicon chip microarray-based synthesis and novel enzymatic DNA synthesis. It also summarizes the recent status of DNA storage and new opportunities for future development in high-throughput DNA synthesis technology. DNA data storage involves encoding, writing, preservation, reading, and decoding. Encoding converts binary data into DNA base sequences. Writing synthesizes DNA strands according to designed sequences. Preservation stores DNA in stable forms. Reading decodes DNA sequences. Decoding retrieves digital data from DNA sequences. DNA has high storage density, long preservation time, and low maintenance cost. It can store more data per unit volume than conventional storage media. DNA data storage is considered a promising solution for long-term data storage due to its high stability and low cost. However, challenges remain, including low synthesis speed, difficulty in data access, and high costs of synthesis and sequencing. Two main methods of DNA synthesis are chemical and enzymatic. Chemical synthesis uses phosphoramidite chemistry, while enzymatic synthesis uses polymerases like TdT. Enzymatic synthesis offers higher efficiency and speed, but challenges remain in controlling nucleotide addition and improving enzyme activity. Array-based DNA synthesis chips enable high-throughput synthesis of DNA sequences. These chips use integrated circuit technology to achieve high-density synthesis. The synthesis density and speed are critical factors in DNA data storage. Current DNA synthesis technology has limitations in synthesis speed and error rates, but ongoing research aims to improve these aspects. The review highlights the potential of DNA data storage as a future solution for long-term data storage, emphasizing the need for further development in synthesis technology and integration with semiconductor technology. The development of DNA data storage is expected to revolutionize data storage by offering high capacity, low cost, and long-term stability.