High-throughput DNA synthesis is a key technology for DNA data storage, which encodes binary data into quaternary DNA sequences. DNA is a compact and durable storage medium with high coding density and long-term preservation properties. This review outlines the workflow of DNA data storage and basic methods of artificial DNA synthesis, discusses technical characteristics of different synthesis methods, and presents the state-of-the-art of representative commercial companies. It also summarizes recent developments in high-throughput DNA synthesis technology. DNA data storage involves encoding, writing, preservation, reading, and decoding. The encoding process converts binary data into DNA base sequences, while writing involves synthesizing DNA strands. Preservation involves storing DNA in stable forms, and reading involves sequencing DNA to retrieve data. Decoding converts DNA sequences back into digital data. DNA storage offers high density, long preservation time, and low maintenance cost, making it a promising solution for long-term data storage. However, challenges remain, including low throughput, difficulty in data access, and high synthesis costs. Enzymatic synthesis offers higher speed and efficiency compared to chemical synthesis. Array-based DNA synthesis technology is being developed to enhance throughput and reduce costs. Integrated micro and nanoscale chips are optimal for achieving high-density arrays. The review evaluates various synthesis technologies and their potential for DNA data storage. DNA data storage is considered a promising solution for future data storage needs due to its high capacity, durability, and low cost.High-throughput DNA synthesis is a key technology for DNA data storage, which encodes binary data into quaternary DNA sequences. DNA is a compact and durable storage medium with high coding density and long-term preservation properties. This review outlines the workflow of DNA data storage and basic methods of artificial DNA synthesis, discusses technical characteristics of different synthesis methods, and presents the state-of-the-art of representative commercial companies. It also summarizes recent developments in high-throughput DNA synthesis technology. DNA data storage involves encoding, writing, preservation, reading, and decoding. The encoding process converts binary data into DNA base sequences, while writing involves synthesizing DNA strands. Preservation involves storing DNA in stable forms, and reading involves sequencing DNA to retrieve data. Decoding converts DNA sequences back into digital data. DNA storage offers high density, long preservation time, and low maintenance cost, making it a promising solution for long-term data storage. However, challenges remain, including low throughput, difficulty in data access, and high synthesis costs. Enzymatic synthesis offers higher speed and efficiency compared to chemical synthesis. Array-based DNA synthesis technology is being developed to enhance throughput and reduce costs. Integrated micro and nanoscale chips are optimal for achieving high-density arrays. The review evaluates various synthesis technologies and their potential for DNA data storage. DNA data storage is considered a promising solution for future data storage needs due to its high capacity, durability, and low cost.