High yield production of graphene by liquid phase exfoliation of graphite

High yield production of graphene by liquid phase exfoliation of graphite

| Yenny Hernandez, Valeria Nicolosi, Mustafa Lotya, Fiona M Blighe, Zhenyu Sun, Sukanta De, IT McGovern, Brendan Holland, Michelle Byrne, Yuri Gun'ko, John Boland, Peter Niraj, Georg Duesberg, Satheesh Krishnamurti, Robbie Goodhue, John Hutchison, Vittorio Scardaci, Andrea C. Ferrari, and Jonathan N Coleman
This paper presents a scalable and high-yield method for producing high-quality, un-oxidized graphene from graphite through liquid-phase exfoliation. The authors demonstrate that graphene dispersions with concentrations up to ~0.01 mg/ml can be achieved by exfoliating graphite in organic solvents such as N-methyl-pyrrolidone (NMP). The energy required for exfoliation is balanced by the solvent-graphene interaction, leading to individual graphene sheets with yields of up to 12% by mass. The presence of individual graphene sheets is confirmed using absorption spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and electron diffraction. The absence of defects or oxides is verified by X-ray photoelectron, infra-red, and Raman spectroscopies. The method is versatile and can be used to produce conductive, semi-transparent films and composites, opening up potential applications in device fabrication, sensors, and liquid-phase chemistry. The process involves sonication and centrifugation to disperse and exfoliate graphite, followed by characterization to ensure the quality and yield of the graphene.This paper presents a scalable and high-yield method for producing high-quality, un-oxidized graphene from graphite through liquid-phase exfoliation. The authors demonstrate that graphene dispersions with concentrations up to ~0.01 mg/ml can be achieved by exfoliating graphite in organic solvents such as N-methyl-pyrrolidone (NMP). The energy required for exfoliation is balanced by the solvent-graphene interaction, leading to individual graphene sheets with yields of up to 12% by mass. The presence of individual graphene sheets is confirmed using absorption spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and electron diffraction. The absence of defects or oxides is verified by X-ray photoelectron, infra-red, and Raman spectroscopies. The method is versatile and can be used to produce conductive, semi-transparent films and composites, opening up potential applications in device fabrication, sensors, and liquid-phase chemistry. The process involves sonication and centrifugation to disperse and exfoliate graphite, followed by characterization to ensure the quality and yield of the graphene.
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Understanding High-yield production of graphene by liquid-phase exfoliation of graphite.