High Charge Carrier Mobilities and Lifetimes in Organolead Trihalide Perovskites

High Charge Carrier Mobilities and Lifetimes in Organolead Trihalide Perovskites

2014 | Christian Wehrenfennig, Giles E. Eperon, Michael B. Johnston, Henry J. Snaith, and Laura M. Herz
Organolead trihalide perovskites, such as CH3NH3PbI3 and CH3NH3PbI3-xClx, have shown exceptional performance in photovoltaic cells, with power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) reaching up to 15.4%. These materials exhibit high charge carrier mobilities and long diffusion lengths, which are crucial for efficient solar cells. This study demonstrates that the long diffusion lengths are due to non-Langevin charge carrier recombination, where bi-molecular recombination rates are abnormally low, defying the Langevin limit by at least four orders of magnitude. The high charge mobility and low recombination rates lead to diffusion lengths exceeding one micron, with the mixed halide system showing significantly longer lengths. The study also finds that the effective charge carrier mobility for CH3NH3PbI3-xClx is 11.6 cm² V⁻¹ s⁻¹ and for CH3NH3PbI3 is 8 cm² V⁻¹ s⁻¹, which are remarkably high for solution-processed materials. These properties make the mixed halide perovskite more suitable for planar-heterojunction devices. The study also shows that the long charge diffusion lengths are due to spatial separation of charges in the metal-halide structure, reducing recombination rates. The findings highlight the importance of understanding and modeling charge dynamics in perovskite materials for the development of efficient photovoltaic devices.Organolead trihalide perovskites, such as CH3NH3PbI3 and CH3NH3PbI3-xClx, have shown exceptional performance in photovoltaic cells, with power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) reaching up to 15.4%. These materials exhibit high charge carrier mobilities and long diffusion lengths, which are crucial for efficient solar cells. This study demonstrates that the long diffusion lengths are due to non-Langevin charge carrier recombination, where bi-molecular recombination rates are abnormally low, defying the Langevin limit by at least four orders of magnitude. The high charge mobility and low recombination rates lead to diffusion lengths exceeding one micron, with the mixed halide system showing significantly longer lengths. The study also finds that the effective charge carrier mobility for CH3NH3PbI3-xClx is 11.6 cm² V⁻¹ s⁻¹ and for CH3NH3PbI3 is 8 cm² V⁻¹ s⁻¹, which are remarkably high for solution-processed materials. These properties make the mixed halide perovskite more suitable for planar-heterojunction devices. The study also shows that the long charge diffusion lengths are due to spatial separation of charges in the metal-halide structure, reducing recombination rates. The findings highlight the importance of understanding and modeling charge dynamics in perovskite materials for the development of efficient photovoltaic devices.
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