In 2023, the highest independently confirmed power conversion efficiency (PCE) for single-junction silicon and perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells reached over 27% and close to 34%, respectively. Silicon passivating contact (TOPCon) and silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells saw rapid mass production, with annual production of 105–115 GW and 7–8 GW, respectively. TOPCon solar cells achieved a PCE of 26.89% using laser doping selective emitter (LDSE), laser enhanced contact optimization (LECO), and optical trapping technologies. SHJ solar cells using interdigitated back contact (HBC) reached a PCE of 27.09% with all-laser patterning. TOPCon solar cells are considered one of the most promising high-efficiency c-Si solar cells, with a theoretical efficiency limit of 28.7%, close to the theoretical limit of 29.4% for c-Si. TOPCon structures consist of ultra-thin SiO₂ and phosphorus-doped poly-Si, offering full-area passivation and compatibility with high-temperature sintering. Improvements in carrier transport and passivation have reduced recombination losses. However, front-side contact recombination remains a limiting factor. LDSE reduces recombination in the emitter region and improves V_OC by 5–8 mV, but recombination in the metal region remains high. Poly-finger technology, which avoids direct contact between c-Si and metal electrodes, reduces J₀ and improves efficiency. LECO reduces contact resistance and improves V_OC and FF, but is ineffective on cells with low parallel resistance. TOPCon solar cells treated with LECO show no light and temperature-induced degradation. In 2023, plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) became more prominent in TOPCon production due to its fast film forming rate and compatibility with in situ doping. PECVD now accounts for 30% of poly-Si deposition in TOPCon solar cells. Chinese companies also pushed for faster mass production of TOPCon-related back contact solar cells, with annual production of 8–9 GW. Back contact solar cells, including PERC/TOPCon hybrid and pure TOPCon, have been mass-produced. Table 1 summarizes the achievements of TOPCon, SHJ, and HBC solar cells in 2023.In 2023, the highest independently confirmed power conversion efficiency (PCE) for single-junction silicon and perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells reached over 27% and close to 34%, respectively. Silicon passivating contact (TOPCon) and silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells saw rapid mass production, with annual production of 105–115 GW and 7–8 GW, respectively. TOPCon solar cells achieved a PCE of 26.89% using laser doping selective emitter (LDSE), laser enhanced contact optimization (LECO), and optical trapping technologies. SHJ solar cells using interdigitated back contact (HBC) reached a PCE of 27.09% with all-laser patterning. TOPCon solar cells are considered one of the most promising high-efficiency c-Si solar cells, with a theoretical efficiency limit of 28.7%, close to the theoretical limit of 29.4% for c-Si. TOPCon structures consist of ultra-thin SiO₂ and phosphorus-doped poly-Si, offering full-area passivation and compatibility with high-temperature sintering. Improvements in carrier transport and passivation have reduced recombination losses. However, front-side contact recombination remains a limiting factor. LDSE reduces recombination in the emitter region and improves V_OC by 5–8 mV, but recombination in the metal region remains high. Poly-finger technology, which avoids direct contact between c-Si and metal electrodes, reduces J₀ and improves efficiency. LECO reduces contact resistance and improves V_OC and FF, but is ineffective on cells with low parallel resistance. TOPCon solar cells treated with LECO show no light and temperature-induced degradation. In 2023, plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) became more prominent in TOPCon production due to its fast film forming rate and compatibility with in situ doping. PECVD now accounts for 30% of poly-Si deposition in TOPCon solar cells. Chinese companies also pushed for faster mass production of TOPCon-related back contact solar cells, with annual production of 8–9 GW. Back contact solar cells, including PERC/TOPCon hybrid and pure TOPCon, have been mass-produced. Table 1 summarizes the achievements of TOPCon, SHJ, and HBC solar cells in 2023.