This paper proposes a classification of BPS states in holographic CFTs into monotone and fortuitous based on their behavior in the large N limit. Monotone BPS states form infinite sequences with increasing rank N, while fortuitous ones exist within finite ranges of consecutive ranks. The authors define these classes using supercharge cohomology and conjecture that monotone BPS states are dual to smooth horizonless geometries, while fortuitous ones are responsible for black hole microstates and contribute to the entropy. They provide evidence for these conjectures in N=4 SYM and symmetric product orbifolds. The paper discusses the implications of this classification for understanding black hole microstates and the role of supersymmetry in the AdS/CFT correspondence. It also explores the relationship between BPS operators and the geometry of the dual spacetime, showing that monotone BPS operators correspond to smooth horizonless geometries, while fortuitous ones are associated with black hole microstates. The authors also examine the quantization of classical moduli spaces of supergravity solutions and show that this process reproduces the Hilbert spaces of BPS operators in the dual CFT. The paper concludes with a discussion of open problems and future directions in the study of BPS states and black hole microstates in holographic CFTs.This paper proposes a classification of BPS states in holographic CFTs into monotone and fortuitous based on their behavior in the large N limit. Monotone BPS states form infinite sequences with increasing rank N, while fortuitous ones exist within finite ranges of consecutive ranks. The authors define these classes using supercharge cohomology and conjecture that monotone BPS states are dual to smooth horizonless geometries, while fortuitous ones are responsible for black hole microstates and contribute to the entropy. They provide evidence for these conjectures in N=4 SYM and symmetric product orbifolds. The paper discusses the implications of this classification for understanding black hole microstates and the role of supersymmetry in the AdS/CFT correspondence. It also explores the relationship between BPS operators and the geometry of the dual spacetime, showing that monotone BPS operators correspond to smooth horizonless geometries, while fortuitous ones are associated with black hole microstates. The authors also examine the quantization of classical moduli spaces of supergravity solutions and show that this process reproduces the Hilbert spaces of BPS operators in the dual CFT. The paper concludes with a discussion of open problems and future directions in the study of BPS states and black hole microstates in holographic CFTs.