Hormetic nutrition and redox regulation in gut-brain axis disorders: A review of polyphenols, probiotics, and Nrf2 pathway modulation for neuroprotection and therapeutic strategies. This review explores the role of hormetic nutrition, including polyphenols and probiotics, in modulating the Nrf2 pathway and vitagenes to combat oxidative stress, inflammation, and microbiota dysregulation in gut-brain axis disorders. The gut-brain axis is a critical regulator of host physiology, inflammatory responses, and redox homeostasis, with gut microbiota dysbiosis linked to neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. Polyphenols, such as resveratrol, curcumin, blueberry, hidrox, and saffron, along with probiotics, modulate the Nrf2 pathway and vitagenes to enhance stress resilience, reduce oxidative stress, and improve gut and brain health. These compounds also influence gut microbiota composition, increasing beneficial bacteria and reducing pathogenic species, which can alleviate neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment. The review highlights the potential of hormetic nutrition as a therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders, emphasizing the importance of dose modulation and the use of advanced technologies like organoids for personalized therapies. Key findings include the neuroprotective effects of polyphenols and probiotics in modulating gut microbiota, reducing inflammation, and enhancing cognitive function. The review also discusses the role of the gut-brain axis in neuroinflammation and the potential of natural compounds in restoring gut microbiota balance and brain health. Overall, hormetic nutrition offers promising therapeutic options for neuroprotection and the treatment of gut-brain axis disorders.Hormetic nutrition and redox regulation in gut-brain axis disorders: A review of polyphenols, probiotics, and Nrf2 pathway modulation for neuroprotection and therapeutic strategies. This review explores the role of hormetic nutrition, including polyphenols and probiotics, in modulating the Nrf2 pathway and vitagenes to combat oxidative stress, inflammation, and microbiota dysregulation in gut-brain axis disorders. The gut-brain axis is a critical regulator of host physiology, inflammatory responses, and redox homeostasis, with gut microbiota dysbiosis linked to neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. Polyphenols, such as resveratrol, curcumin, blueberry, hidrox, and saffron, along with probiotics, modulate the Nrf2 pathway and vitagenes to enhance stress resilience, reduce oxidative stress, and improve gut and brain health. These compounds also influence gut microbiota composition, increasing beneficial bacteria and reducing pathogenic species, which can alleviate neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment. The review highlights the potential of hormetic nutrition as a therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders, emphasizing the importance of dose modulation and the use of advanced technologies like organoids for personalized therapies. Key findings include the neuroprotective effects of polyphenols and probiotics in modulating gut microbiota, reducing inflammation, and enhancing cognitive function. The review also discusses the role of the gut-brain axis in neuroinflammation and the potential of natural compounds in restoring gut microbiota balance and brain health. Overall, hormetic nutrition offers promising therapeutic options for neuroprotection and the treatment of gut-brain axis disorders.