The article "Hormonal Modulation of Plant Immunity" by Corné M.J. Pieterse, Dieuwertje Van der Does, Christos Zamioudis, Antonio Leon-Reyes, and Saskia C.M. Van Wees reviews the role of plant hormones in regulating immune responses to various biotic stressors, including pathogens, insect herbivores, and beneficial microbes. The authors highlight the complex network of signaling pathways involving salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA), which are central to plant defense mechanisms. They discuss how these hormones interact to modulate immune responses, with SA primarily mediating resistance to biotrophic pathogens and JA to necrotrophic pathogens and insect herbivores. The article also explores the cross-talk between SA and JA pathways, which allows plants to fine-tune their immune responses to different attackers. Additionally, it covers the roles of other hormones such as ethylene, abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellins, auxins, cytokinins, and brassinosteroids in modulating plant immunity. The authors emphasize the importance of these hormonal interactions in plant defense strategies and their potential implications for plant survival and growth.The article "Hormonal Modulation of Plant Immunity" by Corné M.J. Pieterse, Dieuwertje Van der Does, Christos Zamioudis, Antonio Leon-Reyes, and Saskia C.M. Van Wees reviews the role of plant hormones in regulating immune responses to various biotic stressors, including pathogens, insect herbivores, and beneficial microbes. The authors highlight the complex network of signaling pathways involving salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA), which are central to plant defense mechanisms. They discuss how these hormones interact to modulate immune responses, with SA primarily mediating resistance to biotrophic pathogens and JA to necrotrophic pathogens and insect herbivores. The article also explores the cross-talk between SA and JA pathways, which allows plants to fine-tune their immune responses to different attackers. Additionally, it covers the roles of other hormones such as ethylene, abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellins, auxins, cytokinins, and brassinosteroids in modulating plant immunity. The authors emphasize the importance of these hormonal interactions in plant defense strategies and their potential implications for plant survival and growth.