The study by Klein, Smith, and Laxminarayan examines the incidence and trends of hospitalizations and deaths associated with *Staphylococcus aureus* (S. aureus) and methicillin-resistant *S. aureus* (MRSA) in the United States from 1999 to 2005. The findings indicate a significant increase in the number of hospitalizations related to S. aureus, which rose by 62%, from 294,570 to 477,927, and a more than doubling of MRSA-related hospitalizations, from 127,036 to 278,203. The study also highlights a shift in the ecology of the disease, with community-associated MRSA infections spreading rapidly into hospitals. The authors suggest that these trends have substantial economic implications for the healthcare system, including increased costs for treatment and longer hospital stays. They recommend expanding national surveillance, improving infection control measures, and investing in research and development of a vaccine to address the growing problem of S. aureus and MRSA infections.The study by Klein, Smith, and Laxminarayan examines the incidence and trends of hospitalizations and deaths associated with *Staphylococcus aureus* (S. aureus) and methicillin-resistant *S. aureus* (MRSA) in the United States from 1999 to 2005. The findings indicate a significant increase in the number of hospitalizations related to S. aureus, which rose by 62%, from 294,570 to 477,927, and a more than doubling of MRSA-related hospitalizations, from 127,036 to 278,203. The study also highlights a shift in the ecology of the disease, with community-associated MRSA infections spreading rapidly into hospitals. The authors suggest that these trends have substantial economic implications for the healthcare system, including increased costs for treatment and longer hospital stays. They recommend expanding national surveillance, improving infection control measures, and investing in research and development of a vaccine to address the growing problem of S. aureus and MRSA infections.