This study conducted a bibliometric analysis of 7,449 publications on microglia in Alzheimer's disease (AD) from 2000 to 2022. The analysis aimed to summarize advancements and identify current trends and future research directions. Key findings include: - **Publication Trends**: The number of publications increased annually, with a significant surge between 2019 and 2020. The United States published the most papers, and Harvard Medical School was the most prolific institution. - **Research Hotspots**: Neuroinflammation, amyloid-beta, inflammation, and neurodegeneration were the most common keywords. Gut microbiota, extracellular vesicles, dysfunction, and meta-analysis were identified as hotspots. - **Influential Authors and Institutions**: Mt. Heneka was the most productive author, and the United States and China led in publication numbers. Harvard Medical School and Washington University were the most productive institutions. - **Journal Impact**: *Journal of Alzheimer's Disease* and *Journal of Neuroscience* were the most cited journals. - **Research Frontiers**: NLRP3 inflammasome, TREM2, mitochondrial dysfunction, and gut microbiota were identified as promising therapeutic targets. Exosomes were also a focus, with potential applications in gene or drug delivery. - **Synaptic Imbalance**: Microglia-mediated synaptic loss and excitatory/inhibitory synaptic imbalance were highlighted as important areas for further research. The study concluded that neuroinflammation mediated by microglia is a primary causal factor in AD, and future research should explore the role of microglia in AD development to better understand cellular and molecular mechanisms and provide new treatment and early intervention strategies.This study conducted a bibliometric analysis of 7,449 publications on microglia in Alzheimer's disease (AD) from 2000 to 2022. The analysis aimed to summarize advancements and identify current trends and future research directions. Key findings include: - **Publication Trends**: The number of publications increased annually, with a significant surge between 2019 and 2020. The United States published the most papers, and Harvard Medical School was the most prolific institution. - **Research Hotspots**: Neuroinflammation, amyloid-beta, inflammation, and neurodegeneration were the most common keywords. Gut microbiota, extracellular vesicles, dysfunction, and meta-analysis were identified as hotspots. - **Influential Authors and Institutions**: Mt. Heneka was the most productive author, and the United States and China led in publication numbers. Harvard Medical School and Washington University were the most productive institutions. - **Journal Impact**: *Journal of Alzheimer's Disease* and *Journal of Neuroscience* were the most cited journals. - **Research Frontiers**: NLRP3 inflammasome, TREM2, mitochondrial dysfunction, and gut microbiota were identified as promising therapeutic targets. Exosomes were also a focus, with potential applications in gene or drug delivery. - **Synaptic Imbalance**: Microglia-mediated synaptic loss and excitatory/inhibitory synaptic imbalance were highlighted as important areas for further research. The study concluded that neuroinflammation mediated by microglia is a primary causal factor in AD, and future research should explore the role of microglia in AD development to better understand cellular and molecular mechanisms and provide new treatment and early intervention strategies.