The article "How Populist Are the People? Measuring Populist Attitudes in Voters" by Akkerman, Mudde, and Zaslove (2014) addresses the gap in research on measuring populist attitudes among voters. The authors construct a minimal definition of populism and develop a measurement tool to assess populist, pluralist, and elitist attitudes in a representative Dutch sample (N = 600). They use principal component analysis (PCA) to validate the scales and explore their relationship with party preferences. The study finds three statistically separate scales of political attitudes: populist, pluralist, and elitist. High scores on the populist scale are significantly correlated with preference for Dutch populist parties, such as the Party for Freedom and the Socialist Party. The article also examines the complex relationship between populism and elitism, finding that supporters of both left-wing and right-wing populist parties exhibit both populist and elitist attitudes. The study contributes to the understanding of how populist attitudes influence voting behavior and provides a robust method for measuring these attitudes at the individual level.The article "How Populist Are the People? Measuring Populist Attitudes in Voters" by Akkerman, Mudde, and Zaslove (2014) addresses the gap in research on measuring populist attitudes among voters. The authors construct a minimal definition of populism and develop a measurement tool to assess populist, pluralist, and elitist attitudes in a representative Dutch sample (N = 600). They use principal component analysis (PCA) to validate the scales and explore their relationship with party preferences. The study finds three statistically separate scales of political attitudes: populist, pluralist, and elitist. High scores on the populist scale are significantly correlated with preference for Dutch populist parties, such as the Party for Freedom and the Socialist Party. The article also examines the complex relationship between populism and elitism, finding that supporters of both left-wing and right-wing populist parties exhibit both populist and elitist attitudes. The study contributes to the understanding of how populist attitudes influence voting behavior and provides a robust method for measuring these attitudes at the individual level.