The article discusses the use of mouse models in studying the human gut microbiota, highlighting both the similarities and differences between mouse and human systems. Mouse models are widely used due to their genetic and anatomical similarities to humans, allowing for controlled experiments to study host-microbiota interactions. However, translating results from mouse models to humans is challenging due to intrinsic differences in anatomy, physiology, and genetics. The article compares the core gut microbiota of mice and humans, noting that while many genera are shared, there are significant differences in abundance. It also examines how dietary interventions and diseases like obesity and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) affect the gut microbiota in both species. The study finds that while some changes in the gut microbiota are similar between mice and humans, others differ, suggesting that mouse models may not fully recapitulate human disease states. Environmental factors such as housing conditions and diet also influence the gut microbiota in mice, further complicating the translation of results from mouse models to humans. Overall, the article emphasizes the need for caution when interpreting findings from mouse models in the context of human gut microbiota research.The article discusses the use of mouse models in studying the human gut microbiota, highlighting both the similarities and differences between mouse and human systems. Mouse models are widely used due to their genetic and anatomical similarities to humans, allowing for controlled experiments to study host-microbiota interactions. However, translating results from mouse models to humans is challenging due to intrinsic differences in anatomy, physiology, and genetics. The article compares the core gut microbiota of mice and humans, noting that while many genera are shared, there are significant differences in abundance. It also examines how dietary interventions and diseases like obesity and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) affect the gut microbiota in both species. The study finds that while some changes in the gut microbiota are similar between mice and humans, others differ, suggesting that mouse models may not fully recapitulate human disease states. Environmental factors such as housing conditions and diet also influence the gut microbiota in mice, further complicating the translation of results from mouse models to humans. Overall, the article emphasizes the need for caution when interpreting findings from mouse models in the context of human gut microbiota research.