5 July 2017 | Judith Schoonenboom · R. Burke Johnson
This article provides researchers with knowledge of how to design a high-quality mixed methods research study. To design a mixed methods study, researchers must understand and carefully consider each of the dimensions of mixed methods design, and always keep an eye on the issue of validity. The seven major design dimensions are: purpose, theoretical drive, timing (simultaneity and dependency), point of integration, typological versus interactive design approaches, planned versus emergent design, and design complexity. Additionally, ten secondary dimensions are considered during the design process. The article also provides two case studies showing how mixed methods designs were constructed.
Mixed methods research combines qualitative and quantitative research components to enhance the breadth and depth of understanding and corroboration of research findings. It is distinct from multimethod research, which combines multiple qualitative or multiple quantitative approaches. In mixed methods design, both meanings of "design" are relevant: the process of designing and the product of designing. A mixed methods design is characterized by the combination of at least one qualitative and one quantitative research component.
The purpose of mixed methods research is to expand and strengthen a study’s conclusions and contribute to the published literature. The article discusses five purposes for mixing in mixed methods research: triangulation, complementarity, development, initiation, and expansion. These purposes are further elaborated by Bryman (2006), who provides additional rationales for mixed methods research, such as credibility, context, illustration, utility, confirm and discover, and diversity of views.
The theoretical drive refers to the overall direction or motivation for the mixed methods study. It can be inductive (qualitative) or deductive (quantitative). In mixed methods research, the core component is the one that corresponds to the theoretical drive, while the supplemental component is the other. The article also discusses the distinction between equal-status and interactive mixed methods research, where both qualitative and quantitative components are of equal value and weight.
Timing in mixed methods research refers to whether the components are implemented concurrently or sequentially. Simultaneity indicates whether data collection is done concurrently or sequentially, while dependence indicates whether the implementation of one component depends on the results of data analysis in the other component. The article discusses the distinction between concurrent and sequential designs, as well as the implications of dependent and independent data analysis.
The point of integration is where the qualitative and quantitative components are brought together. It can be at the results point of integration or the analytical point of integration. The article discusses different ways in which components can be connected, such as merging data sets, connecting analysis of one set of data to the collection of another, embedding one form of data within a larger design, and using a framework to bind together data sets.
Design typology utilization refers to the classification of mixed methods designs into different types, such as convergent parallel, explanatory sequential, exploratory sequential, embedded, transformative, and multiphase designs. The article discusses the importance of using typologies to guide practice and legitimize the field ofThis article provides researchers with knowledge of how to design a high-quality mixed methods research study. To design a mixed methods study, researchers must understand and carefully consider each of the dimensions of mixed methods design, and always keep an eye on the issue of validity. The seven major design dimensions are: purpose, theoretical drive, timing (simultaneity and dependency), point of integration, typological versus interactive design approaches, planned versus emergent design, and design complexity. Additionally, ten secondary dimensions are considered during the design process. The article also provides two case studies showing how mixed methods designs were constructed.
Mixed methods research combines qualitative and quantitative research components to enhance the breadth and depth of understanding and corroboration of research findings. It is distinct from multimethod research, which combines multiple qualitative or multiple quantitative approaches. In mixed methods design, both meanings of "design" are relevant: the process of designing and the product of designing. A mixed methods design is characterized by the combination of at least one qualitative and one quantitative research component.
The purpose of mixed methods research is to expand and strengthen a study’s conclusions and contribute to the published literature. The article discusses five purposes for mixing in mixed methods research: triangulation, complementarity, development, initiation, and expansion. These purposes are further elaborated by Bryman (2006), who provides additional rationales for mixed methods research, such as credibility, context, illustration, utility, confirm and discover, and diversity of views.
The theoretical drive refers to the overall direction or motivation for the mixed methods study. It can be inductive (qualitative) or deductive (quantitative). In mixed methods research, the core component is the one that corresponds to the theoretical drive, while the supplemental component is the other. The article also discusses the distinction between equal-status and interactive mixed methods research, where both qualitative and quantitative components are of equal value and weight.
Timing in mixed methods research refers to whether the components are implemented concurrently or sequentially. Simultaneity indicates whether data collection is done concurrently or sequentially, while dependence indicates whether the implementation of one component depends on the results of data analysis in the other component. The article discusses the distinction between concurrent and sequential designs, as well as the implications of dependent and independent data analysis.
The point of integration is where the qualitative and quantitative components are brought together. It can be at the results point of integration or the analytical point of integration. The article discusses different ways in which components can be connected, such as merging data sets, connecting analysis of one set of data to the collection of another, embedding one form of data within a larger design, and using a framework to bind together data sets.
Design typology utilization refers to the classification of mixed methods designs into different types, such as convergent parallel, explanatory sequential, exploratory sequential, embedded, transformative, and multiphase designs. The article discusses the importance of using typologies to guide practice and legitimize the field of