This paper addresses the common confusion in specifying, estimating, and validating higher-order constructs in Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). It explains how to evaluate these constructs using repeated indicators and two-stage approaches, which are prevalent in applied social sciences. Focusing on reflective-reflective and reflective-formative types of higher-order constructs, the authors use the corporate reputation model as an example to illustrate their specification, estimation, and validation. The paper provides guidance for scholars, marketing researchers, and practitioners on effectively using higher-order constructs in their studies.This paper addresses the common confusion in specifying, estimating, and validating higher-order constructs in Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). It explains how to evaluate these constructs using repeated indicators and two-stage approaches, which are prevalent in applied social sciences. Focusing on reflective-reflective and reflective-formative types of higher-order constructs, the authors use the corporate reputation model as an example to illustrate their specification, estimation, and validation. The paper provides guidance for scholars, marketing researchers, and practitioners on effectively using higher-order constructs in their studies.