The chapter discusses an "ecological" approach to addressing the obesity pandemic, emphasizing the need for a paradigm shift in understanding and tackling obesity. It highlights the increasing prevalence of obesity, which has not been effectively addressed by traditional methods focused on energy intake and expenditure. The authors propose an ecological model that considers biological, behavioral, and environmental factors as key influences on body fat levels. This model suggests that obesity is not just a metabolic or genetic issue but is also shaped by the broader environment and social factors. The chapter also explores the role of dietary fat, physical activity, and physiological adjustments in managing obesity. It concludes by emphasizing the importance of a collaborative, multi-sectoral approach to obesity prevention and treatment, rather than relying solely on individual education and lifestyle changes.The chapter discusses an "ecological" approach to addressing the obesity pandemic, emphasizing the need for a paradigm shift in understanding and tackling obesity. It highlights the increasing prevalence of obesity, which has not been effectively addressed by traditional methods focused on energy intake and expenditure. The authors propose an ecological model that considers biological, behavioral, and environmental factors as key influences on body fat levels. This model suggests that obesity is not just a metabolic or genetic issue but is also shaped by the broader environment and social factors. The chapter also explores the role of dietary fat, physical activity, and physiological adjustments in managing obesity. It concludes by emphasizing the importance of a collaborative, multi-sectoral approach to obesity prevention and treatment, rather than relying solely on individual education and lifestyle changes.