Human Hallucinogen Research: Guidelines for Safety

Human Hallucinogen Research: Guidelines for Safety

2008 August ; 22(6): 603–620 | Matthew W. Johnson, William A. Richards, and Roland R. Griffiths
This paper reviews the history and unique risks associated with human research involving classical hallucinogens (psychedelics) and provides guidelines for ensuring participant safety. While hallucinogens are generally safe physiologically and do not lead to dependence, they can cause psychological distress, particularly during the "bad trip" phase, which may result in dangerous behavior. Prolonged psychosis and lasting perceptual abnormalities are rare but possible risks. The guidelines emphasize the importance of selecting healthy volunteers, establishing trust with session monitors, preparing volunteers, creating a safe physical environment, and providing interpersonal support. Investigators should also probe for hallucinogen persisting perception disorder in follow-up contact. These guidelines aim to ensure the safety of participants and advance the scientific understanding of hallucinogens.This paper reviews the history and unique risks associated with human research involving classical hallucinogens (psychedelics) and provides guidelines for ensuring participant safety. While hallucinogens are generally safe physiologically and do not lead to dependence, they can cause psychological distress, particularly during the "bad trip" phase, which may result in dangerous behavior. Prolonged psychosis and lasting perceptual abnormalities are rare but possible risks. The guidelines emphasize the importance of selecting healthy volunteers, establishing trust with session monitors, preparing volunteers, creating a safe physical environment, and providing interpersonal support. Investigators should also probe for hallucinogen persisting perception disorder in follow-up contact. These guidelines aim to ensure the safety of participants and advance the scientific understanding of hallucinogens.
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