The article discusses the emergence and potential of human organoids as a novel model system for studying human biology and disease. Human organoids are 3D culture systems derived from stem cells, which can recapitulate the architecture and physiology of human organs with remarkable detail. They offer unique opportunities for studying human diseases, including infectious diseases, genetic disorders, and cancers, through genetic engineering of human stem cells or direct generation from patient biopsy samples. The review highlights the advantages and disadvantages of human organoids compared to traditional animal models, emphasizing their potential to reduce the need for animal experiments. It also outlines the challenges in developing and standardizing organoid technology, such as variability in culture conditions and the lack of globally accepted protocols. Despite these challenges, human organoids are expected to revolutionize disease research by providing a more physiologically relevant model for studying human biology and developing personalized medical treatments.The article discusses the emergence and potential of human organoids as a novel model system for studying human biology and disease. Human organoids are 3D culture systems derived from stem cells, which can recapitulate the architecture and physiology of human organs with remarkable detail. They offer unique opportunities for studying human diseases, including infectious diseases, genetic disorders, and cancers, through genetic engineering of human stem cells or direct generation from patient biopsy samples. The review highlights the advantages and disadvantages of human organoids compared to traditional animal models, emphasizing their potential to reduce the need for animal experiments. It also outlines the challenges in developing and standardizing organoid technology, such as variability in culture conditions and the lack of globally accepted protocols. Despite these challenges, human organoids are expected to revolutionize disease research by providing a more physiologically relevant model for studying human biology and developing personalized medical treatments.