Human organoids are 3D culture systems derived from stem cells that closely mimic the architecture and physiology of human organs. They offer a unique opportunity to study human disease and complement animal models. Organoids can be generated from patient-derived cells or through genetic engineering of stem cells, enabling the study of infectious diseases, genetic disorders, and cancers. They have the potential to reduce the reliance on animal models and provide a more physiologically relevant system for drug discovery and disease modeling. Organoids are self-organizing 3D cultures that closely resemble actual human organs. They are generated from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) or adult stem cells (AdSCs) by mimicking human development or organ regeneration in vitro. Organoids provide valuable insights into human development and organ regeneration, and have potential applications in pharmaceutical drug testing and molecular medicine. They can also be used to model human diseases, including neurological disorders, infectious diseases, and cancers. The development of human organoids has been influenced by advances in stem cell technology and genetic engineering. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have enabled the generation of patient-specific stem cells, which can be differentiated into various cell types and used to model diseases. Organoids derived from iPSCs or AdSCs have been used to study a wide range of diseases, including cystic fibrosis, cancer, and infectious diseases. Organoids have the potential to revolutionize biomedical research by providing a more accurate model of human biology and disease. They can be used for basic research, biobanking, disease modeling, and precision medicine. However, challenges remain in the development and application of organoids, including the need for standardized protocols and the limitations of current organoid models. Despite these challenges, organoids are expected to play an increasingly important role in the study of human diseases and the development of new therapies.Human organoids are 3D culture systems derived from stem cells that closely mimic the architecture and physiology of human organs. They offer a unique opportunity to study human disease and complement animal models. Organoids can be generated from patient-derived cells or through genetic engineering of stem cells, enabling the study of infectious diseases, genetic disorders, and cancers. They have the potential to reduce the reliance on animal models and provide a more physiologically relevant system for drug discovery and disease modeling. Organoids are self-organizing 3D cultures that closely resemble actual human organs. They are generated from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) or adult stem cells (AdSCs) by mimicking human development or organ regeneration in vitro. Organoids provide valuable insights into human development and organ regeneration, and have potential applications in pharmaceutical drug testing and molecular medicine. They can also be used to model human diseases, including neurological disorders, infectious diseases, and cancers. The development of human organoids has been influenced by advances in stem cell technology and genetic engineering. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have enabled the generation of patient-specific stem cells, which can be differentiated into various cell types and used to model diseases. Organoids derived from iPSCs or AdSCs have been used to study a wide range of diseases, including cystic fibrosis, cancer, and infectious diseases. Organoids have the potential to revolutionize biomedical research by providing a more accurate model of human biology and disease. They can be used for basic research, biobanking, disease modeling, and precision medicine. However, challenges remain in the development and application of organoids, including the need for standardized protocols and the limitations of current organoid models. Despite these challenges, organoids are expected to play an increasingly important role in the study of human diseases and the development of new therapies.