Human saliva, plasma and breast milk exosomes contain RNA: uptake by macrophages

Human saliva, plasma and breast milk exosomes contain RNA: uptake by macrophages

2011 | Cecilia Lässer¹, Vesta Seyed Alikhani¹, Karin Ekström¹, Maria Eldh¹, Patricia Torregrosa Paredes², Apostolos Bossios¹, Margareta Sjöstrand¹, Susanne Gabrielsson², Jan Lötvall¹*, Hadi Valadi³
This study demonstrates that human saliva, plasma, and breast milk exosomes contain RNA and can be taken up by macrophages. Exosomes are small membrane vesicles (30-100 nm) released by various cells and present in body fluids such as saliva, plasma, and breast milk. They can mediate biological functions through surface-to-surface interactions or by delivering functional RNA to cells. The study aimed to determine whether exosomes from these body fluids contain RNA and whether they can be taken up by macrophages. Exosomes were purified from saliva, plasma, and breast milk using ultracentrifugation and filtration. They were detected by electron microscopy and examined by flow cytometry. Exosomal RNA was detected using a Bioanalyzer, and mRNA was identified by cDNA synthesis. The uptake of PKH67-labelled exosomes by macrophages was examined using flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Results showed that RNA was detected in exosomes from all three body fluids. A portion of the RNA in plasma exosomes was identified as mRNA. The study confirmed the presence of RNA in human saliva and plasma exosomes and reported for the first time the presence of RNA in breast milk exosomes. It also showed that saliva and breast milk exosomes can be taken up by human macrophages. The findings confirm that exosomes in saliva, plasma, and breast milk contain RNA, supporting the notion that exosomal RNA can be shuttled between cells. This has implications for cell communication, regulation, and signaling, as well as potential therapeutic applications in diseases. The study also highlights the importance of exosomes in biological processes and their potential role in intercellular communication, particularly between mother and child through breastfeeding.This study demonstrates that human saliva, plasma, and breast milk exosomes contain RNA and can be taken up by macrophages. Exosomes are small membrane vesicles (30-100 nm) released by various cells and present in body fluids such as saliva, plasma, and breast milk. They can mediate biological functions through surface-to-surface interactions or by delivering functional RNA to cells. The study aimed to determine whether exosomes from these body fluids contain RNA and whether they can be taken up by macrophages. Exosomes were purified from saliva, plasma, and breast milk using ultracentrifugation and filtration. They were detected by electron microscopy and examined by flow cytometry. Exosomal RNA was detected using a Bioanalyzer, and mRNA was identified by cDNA synthesis. The uptake of PKH67-labelled exosomes by macrophages was examined using flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Results showed that RNA was detected in exosomes from all three body fluids. A portion of the RNA in plasma exosomes was identified as mRNA. The study confirmed the presence of RNA in human saliva and plasma exosomes and reported for the first time the presence of RNA in breast milk exosomes. It also showed that saliva and breast milk exosomes can be taken up by human macrophages. The findings confirm that exosomes in saliva, plasma, and breast milk contain RNA, supporting the notion that exosomal RNA can be shuttled between cells. This has implications for cell communication, regulation, and signaling, as well as potential therapeutic applications in diseases. The study also highlights the importance of exosomes in biological processes and their potential role in intercellular communication, particularly between mother and child through breastfeeding.
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[slides and audio] Human saliva%2C plasma and breast milk exosomes contain RNA%3A uptake by macrophages