Human schistosomiasis, also known as bilharzia, is a parasitic disease caused by trematode flukes of the genus *Schistosoma*. Conservative estimates suggest that at least 230 million people worldwide are infected. Adult schistosomes colonize human blood vessels, producing hundreds to thousands of eggs daily, which can either be excreted in feces or urine or become trapped in tissues, inducing a granulomatous immune response. This response can lead to various pathological effects, including anemia, growth stunting, impaired cognition, and organ-specific issues such as hepatosplenism, periportal fibrosis, and urogenital inflammation. Current preventive measures include annual or biennial treatment with the drug praziquantel. Some regions aim for transmission elimination, requiring more sensitive diagnostics and integrated environmental and healthcare management. Schistosomiasis is a significant public health issue, particularly in impoverished communities, and effective control and elimination strategies are ongoing.Human schistosomiasis, also known as bilharzia, is a parasitic disease caused by trematode flukes of the genus *Schistosoma*. Conservative estimates suggest that at least 230 million people worldwide are infected. Adult schistosomes colonize human blood vessels, producing hundreds to thousands of eggs daily, which can either be excreted in feces or urine or become trapped in tissues, inducing a granulomatous immune response. This response can lead to various pathological effects, including anemia, growth stunting, impaired cognition, and organ-specific issues such as hepatosplenism, periportal fibrosis, and urogenital inflammation. Current preventive measures include annual or biennial treatment with the drug praziquantel. Some regions aim for transmission elimination, requiring more sensitive diagnostics and integrated environmental and healthcare management. Schistosomiasis is a significant public health issue, particularly in impoverished communities, and effective control and elimination strategies are ongoing.