Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease caused by trematode flukes of the genus Schistosoma, affecting over 230 million people globally. The disease is transmitted through freshwater contaminated with infected snail hosts, and adult worms live in human blood vessels, producing eggs that cause immune-mediated granulomatous responses leading to various health issues, including anaemia, growth stunting, and organ damage. Praziquantel is the primary treatment, effective against all Schistosoma species, but its efficacy depends on host immune responses. Current control strategies involve periodic treatment and prevention of transmission through environmental and health interventions. New diagnostic tools and integrated approaches are needed for effective control and elimination. Schistosomiasis often co-occurs with other infections, affecting immune responses and increasing susceptibility to diseases like HIV. The disease has significant public health implications, particularly in low-income regions, and is associated with severe morbidity, including urogenital and intestinal complications. Control and elimination efforts are progressing, with a shift from morbidity control to elimination. Preventive chemotherapy with praziquantel is widely used, but additional measures such as snail control, behavioural modification, and improved water sanitation are essential for long-term success. Research into new treatments, vaccines, and diagnostic methods is crucial for achieving elimination. The World Health Organization has set targets for schistosomiasis elimination by 2025, emphasizing the need for coordinated global efforts. Effective early treatment and improved diagnostics are key to reducing the disease's impact and achieving a world free of schistosomiasis.Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease caused by trematode flukes of the genus Schistosoma, affecting over 230 million people globally. The disease is transmitted through freshwater contaminated with infected snail hosts, and adult worms live in human blood vessels, producing eggs that cause immune-mediated granulomatous responses leading to various health issues, including anaemia, growth stunting, and organ damage. Praziquantel is the primary treatment, effective against all Schistosoma species, but its efficacy depends on host immune responses. Current control strategies involve periodic treatment and prevention of transmission through environmental and health interventions. New diagnostic tools and integrated approaches are needed for effective control and elimination. Schistosomiasis often co-occurs with other infections, affecting immune responses and increasing susceptibility to diseases like HIV. The disease has significant public health implications, particularly in low-income regions, and is associated with severe morbidity, including urogenital and intestinal complications. Control and elimination efforts are progressing, with a shift from morbidity control to elimination. Preventive chemotherapy with praziquantel is widely used, but additional measures such as snail control, behavioural modification, and improved water sanitation are essential for long-term success. Research into new treatments, vaccines, and diagnostic methods is crucial for achieving elimination. The World Health Organization has set targets for schistosomiasis elimination by 2025, emphasizing the need for coordinated global efforts. Effective early treatment and improved diagnostics are key to reducing the disease's impact and achieving a world free of schistosomiasis.