The chapter introduces the concept of hunger and its significance in the modern world, emphasizing the urgency of addressing this issue. It highlights that while hunger has been a persistent problem throughout history, its persistence in the modern era is morally outrageous and politically unacceptable due to the technological and productive advances of the 20th century. The chapter discusses the differences between chronic hunger and famine, noting that while chronic hunger is more common, famine remains a critical concern, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. It also explores the role of entitlements, exchange, and cooperative conflicts in determining food access and the broader social and economic factors that contribute to hunger. The authors argue that understanding these concepts is crucial for developing effective strategies to combat hunger and prevent famines.The chapter introduces the concept of hunger and its significance in the modern world, emphasizing the urgency of addressing this issue. It highlights that while hunger has been a persistent problem throughout history, its persistence in the modern era is morally outrageous and politically unacceptable due to the technological and productive advances of the 20th century. The chapter discusses the differences between chronic hunger and famine, noting that while chronic hunger is more common, famine remains a critical concern, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. It also explores the role of entitlements, exchange, and cooperative conflicts in determining food access and the broader social and economic factors that contribute to hunger. The authors argue that understanding these concepts is crucial for developing effective strategies to combat hunger and prevent famines.