Hybrid cell membrane-coated nanoparticles (hybrid CNPs) have emerged as a promising platform for biomedical applications due to their ability to mimic host cell functions and enhance therapeutic efficacy. This review highlights the potential of hybrid CNPs in drug targeting, immune modulation, biological neutralization, and disease diagnosis. Hybrid CNPs combine the advantages of multiple cell membranes, leading to improved multitasking capabilities and synergistic effects compared to monotypic membrane-coated nanoparticles. For example, hybrid CNPs can evade immune clearance, target specific cells or tissues, and neutralize harmful molecules. In drug targeting, hybrid CNPs with RBC and PLT membranes have shown effectiveness in delivering drugs to tumors and other disease sites. In immune modulation, hybrid CNPs have been used to develop vaccines that stimulate immune responses against cancer and other diseases. In biological neutralization, hybrid CNPs can neutralize toxins and pathogens by leveraging the functional characteristics of different cell membranes. In disease diagnosis, hybrid CNPs have been used to isolate rare cells such as circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and fetal nucleated red blood cells (fNRBCs) from blood samples. The review also discusses the challenges and future directions for hybrid CNPs, including the need for further research on their in vivo compatibility, safety, and long-term biological effects. Overall, hybrid CNPs represent a promising advancement in nanomedicine, offering new opportunities for targeted therapy and disease diagnosis.Hybrid cell membrane-coated nanoparticles (hybrid CNPs) have emerged as a promising platform for biomedical applications due to their ability to mimic host cell functions and enhance therapeutic efficacy. This review highlights the potential of hybrid CNPs in drug targeting, immune modulation, biological neutralization, and disease diagnosis. Hybrid CNPs combine the advantages of multiple cell membranes, leading to improved multitasking capabilities and synergistic effects compared to monotypic membrane-coated nanoparticles. For example, hybrid CNPs can evade immune clearance, target specific cells or tissues, and neutralize harmful molecules. In drug targeting, hybrid CNPs with RBC and PLT membranes have shown effectiveness in delivering drugs to tumors and other disease sites. In immune modulation, hybrid CNPs have been used to develop vaccines that stimulate immune responses against cancer and other diseases. In biological neutralization, hybrid CNPs can neutralize toxins and pathogens by leveraging the functional characteristics of different cell membranes. In disease diagnosis, hybrid CNPs have been used to isolate rare cells such as circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and fetal nucleated red blood cells (fNRBCs) from blood samples. The review also discusses the challenges and future directions for hybrid CNPs, including the need for further research on their in vivo compatibility, safety, and long-term biological effects. Overall, hybrid CNPs represent a promising advancement in nanomedicine, offering new opportunities for targeted therapy and disease diagnosis.